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Definition 2024

寒

寒

Translingual

Han character

寒 (radical 40 宀+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金卜 (JTCY), four-corner 30303)

  1. cold, wintry, chilly

References

  • KangXi: page 289, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7239
  • Dae Jaweon: page 572, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 941, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5BD2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 寒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寒
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (寒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寒 *ɡaːn
蹇 *kranʔ, *kanʔ
謇 *kranʔ
搴 *kranʔ, *kʰran
藆 *kranʔ
騫 *kʰran
褰 *kʰran
攐 *kʰran
鑳 *ɡranʔ
寋 *ɡanʔ
鶱 *qʰan

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 寒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡安切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦan/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hán
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 寒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ han ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤa[n]/
English cold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 寒
Reading # 1/1
No. 4870
Phonetic
component		 寒
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 寒
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːn/

Definitions

寒

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷
Mandarin Beijing 冷
Taiwan 冷
Jinan 冷
Xi'an 冷
Wuhan 冷、冷凊
Chengdu 冷、凊
Yangzhou 冷
Hefei 冷
Cantonese Guangzhou 凍、冷
Hong Kong 凍、冷
Taishan 冷
Yangjiang 凍、冷
Gan Nanchang 冷
Hakka Meixian 冷
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷、寒
Liudui (S. Sixian) 冷、寒人
Hsinchu (Hailu) 冷
Dongshi (Dabu) 冷、寒
Zhuolan (Raoping) 冷、寒
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 冷、寒
Jin Taiyuan 冷
Min Bei Jian'ou 凊、鎮
Min Dong Fuzhou 凊、凍
Min Nan Quanzhou 冷、凊、寒
Xiamen 冷、凊、寒
Zhangzhou 冷、凊、寒
Taipei 冷、凊、寒
Chaozhou 凝、寒
Shantou 凝、寒
Wu Suzhou 冷
Wenzhou 冷、凍
Xiang Changsha 冷、凊
Shuangfeng 冷、凊

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

寒

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cold

Readings

Korean

Hanja

寒 • ‎(han)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 한 (revised: han, McCune-Reischauer: han)
  • Name (hangeul): 찰,차가운()

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

寒 (hàn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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