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Definition 2024


U+53E4, 古
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E4

[U+53E3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53E5]
See also: and 𠮷

Translingual

Han character

(radical 30 +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十口 (JR), four-corner 40600, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 171, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3233
  • Dae Jaweon: page 380, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 568, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53E4

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alt. forms 𠖠 archaic

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kaːls
*kaːls
*kɯ, *kas
*kaː, *kʰaː
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
*kaː, *kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːs
*kaːs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
*qʰaː, *ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
*ɡaːʔ
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka, *kas, *kʰa
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka, *ɡa
*kas
*kas
*kas
*ɡaːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (ten) +  (mouth; generation) – ten generations; ancient.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ga (old). Cognate with (OC *kaːs, “old things; former; dead”) and Tibetan རྒ་བ (rga ba, to be old; aged).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/koX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɔX/
Li
Rong
/koX/
Wang
Li
/kuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˤaʔ/
English ancient

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4219
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kaːʔ/

Definitions

  1. the past; ancient times
       jīn   ancient and modern times
  2. old; ancient
  3. classic; old-styled
  4. simple; unaffected; unsophisticated
  5. things in the past; antiquities; history
  6. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Nan) story
    / [Cantonese]   gong2gu2 [Jyutping]   to tell a story
  7. Short for 古體詩古体诗 (“ancient-style poem”).
  8. A surname.

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

inisipe > inisiɸe > inisiwe > inisie. Literally "that which has passed". From the verb pass (inu) in adverbial form ini, the past marker (ki) in attributive form si, and (pe, time, direction).

Noun

(hiragana いにしえ, romaji inishie, historical hiragana いにしへ)

  1. the past
  2. ancient times

Korean

Hanja

(go)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul):  (revised: go, McCune-Reischauer: ko)
  • Name (hangeul):  (revised: ye, McCune-Reischauer: ye)
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References


Vietnamese

Han character

(cổ, cỗ, kẻ, khương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.