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Definition 2025
精
精
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
精 (radical 119 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青)
References
- KangXi: page 910, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3150, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7CBE
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
精 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zing1, zeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn
- Min Dong (BUC): cĭng / ciăng
- Min Nan (POJ): cheng / chiaⁿ / chiⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Wade-Giles: ching1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zing1, zeng1
- Yale: jīng, jēng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1, dzeng1
- IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːŋ⁵⁵/
- Note: zing1 - literary; zeng1 - vernacular.
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn
- Hakka Romanization System: jin´
- Hagfa Pinyim: jin1
- IPA: /t͡ɕin²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng / ciăng
- IPA (key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/
- Note: cĭng - literary; ciăng - vernacular.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chiaⁿ / chiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tsing / tsiann / tsinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, cviaf, cvy
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³/, /t͡ɕiã³³/, /t͡ɕĩ³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jin (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕɪɲ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 精 | 精 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 子盈切 | 子姓切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡siᴇŋ/ | /t͡siᴇŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡siɛŋ/ | /t͡siɛŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡siæŋ/ | /t͡siæŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡siajŋ/ | /t͡siajŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡siɛŋ/ | /t͡siɛŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡sĭɛŋ/ | /t͡sĭɛŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡si̯ɛŋ/ | /t͡si̯ɛŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jīng | jìng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 精 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jīng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsjeng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tseŋ/ |
| English | fine rice; pure |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 精 | 精 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11327 | 11337 |
| Phonetic component |
生 | 生 |
| Rime group |
耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
精 | 精 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔsleŋ/ | /*ʔsleŋs/ |
Definitions
精
- polished rice
- essence; energy
- spirit; energy; vigour
- seminal fluid; semen
- spirit; soul
- essence; concentrate
- demon; goblin
- lean meat
- fine; refined
- pure; unmixed
- concentrated; sincere
- clear; bright
- exquisite; profound
- extremely; very
- to be proficient; to be expert at
- to expose; to be bare
Compounds
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: しょう (shō), (historical) しゃう (shau)
- Kan’on: せい (sei)
- Kun: しら.ぐ (精ぐ, shira.gu), しら.げる (精げる, shira.geru), しらげ (shirage), くわ.しい (精しい, kuwashii), (rare) こころ (kokoro)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 精 |
|
せい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese (/tsjeŋ/). Compare modern Mandarin 精 (jīng).
Pronunciation
Adjectival noun
精 (-na inflection, hiragana せい, romaji sei)
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない |
せいではない せいじゃない |
sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
| Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
| Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった |
せいではなかった せいじゃなかった |
sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
| Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません |
せいではありません せいじゃありません |
sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした |
せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした |
sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Conditional | 精なら(ば) | せいなら(ば) | sei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
| Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
| Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
| Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |
Noun
- polishing, refining
- care, conscientiousness
- something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
- vim and vigor, energy in doing things
- life force, vitality, the energy of living
- one's emotions, mind, or soul
- the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
- semen
Synonyms
- (polishing): 研磨 (kenma)
- (refining): 精製 (seisei)
- (polished rice): 精米 (seimai); 白米 (hakumai)
- (care): 念入り (nen'iri)
- (vim): 元気 (genki)
- (vigor): 精力 (seiryoku)
- (emotions): 心 (kokoro)
- (mind): 精神 (seishin)
- (soul): 魂 (tamashī)
- (spirit): 精霊 (seirei)
- (sprite): 妖精 (yōsei)
- (semen): 精液 (seieki)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 精 |
|
しらげ Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.
Pronunciation
Noun
精 (hiragana しらげ, romaji shirage)
Synonyms
- (rice polishing): 米磨 (kometogi)
- (polished rice): 精米 (seimai); 白米 (hakumai)
- (excellence): 優秀 (yūshō)
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune-Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
精 (tinh, tênh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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