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Definition 2024
性
性
Translingual
Han character
性 (radical 61 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹手一 (PHQM), four-corner 95010, composition ⿰忄生)
References
- KangXi: page 381, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10478
- Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2286, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6027
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
性 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleŋs) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs) – nature, personal quality, hence of the heart.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sin
- Min Dong (BUC): sáng / séng
- Min Nan (POJ): sèng / sìⁿ / sèⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): xin (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
- Wade-Giles: hsing4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
- IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: sing3
- Yale: sing
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing3
- IPA (key): /sɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sin
- Hakka Romanization System: xin
- Hagfa Pinyim: xin4
- IPA: /ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáng / séng
- IPA (key): /sɑŋ²¹³/, /sɛiŋ²¹³/
- Note: sáng - colloquial; séng - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèng
- Tâi-lô: sìng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sexng
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìⁿ
- Tâi-lô: sìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svix
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕĩ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕĩ⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕĩ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèⁿ
- Tâi-lô: sènn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svex
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ̃²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sẽ²¹/
- Note: sèng - literary; sìⁿ/sèⁿ - vernacular.
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: xin (T2)
- IPA (key): /ɕɪɲ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 性 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 息正切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/siᴇŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/siɛŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/siæŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/siajŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/siɛŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/sĭɛŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/si̯ɛŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xìng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 性 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xìng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ sjengH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*seŋ-s/ |
| English | nature |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 性 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11358 |
| Phonetic component |
生 |
| Rime group |
耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
性 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sleŋs/ |
Noun
性
- nature, character
- sex, gender
- sexual intercourse
- Suffix forming nouns and adjectives, denoting qualities.
Compounds
Derived terms from 性
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
性
- one's nature
- characteristic
- sex, gender
- content
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
References
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 性 |
|
しょう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 性 (sjengH, “nature of something, inherent quality”).
The goon, so the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
性 (hiragana しょう, romaji shō, historical hiragana しやう)
- the nature of something
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 性 |
|
せい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 性 (sjengH, “nature of something, inherent quality”).
The kan'on, so a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
Synonyms
- 性別 (seibetsu)
Suffix
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 性 |
|
さが Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Probably from Old Japanese, although the ultimate derivation is unknown. Appears in The Tale of Genji and The Tales of Ise of the Heian period.[3]
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
- one's nature
- characteristic
Synonyms
- 本能 (honnō)
References
- 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean
Hanja
性 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune-Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng)
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Vietnamese
Han character
性 (tính, dính, tánh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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