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Definition 2024
暇
暇
Translingual
Han character
暇 (radical 72 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日口尸水 (ARSE), four-corner 67047, composition ⿰日叚)
References
- KangXi: page 497, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14036
- Dae Jaweon: page 865, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1527, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6687
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
暇 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 暇
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 葭 | *kraː |
| 麚 | *kraː |
| 瘕 | *kraː, *kraːʔ |
| 豭 | *kraː |
| 貑 | *kraː |
| 猳 | *kraː |
| 犌 | *kraː |
| 假 | *kraːʔ, *kraːs |
| 嘏 | *kraːʔ |
| 婽 | *kraːʔ |
| 椵 | *kraːʔ |
| 叚 | *kraːʔ |
| 蝦 | *qʰraː, *ɡraː |
| 煆 | *qʰraː, *qʰraːs |
| 霞 | *ɡraː |
| 遐 | *ɡraː |
| 瑕 | *ɡraː |
| 鰕 | *ɡraː |
| 碬 | *ɡraː |
| 蕸 | *ɡraː |
| 赮 | *ɡraː |
| 鍜 | *ɡraː |
| 騢 | *ɡraː |
| 暇 | *ɡraːs |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
- Wade-Giles: hsia2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯a̠³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: haa6
- Yale: hah
- Cantonese Pinyin: haa6
- IPA (key): /hɑː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 暇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡駕切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦˠaH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦᵚaH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣaH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦaɨH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣaH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣaH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣaH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xià |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 暇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xià |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hæH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ˤra-s/ |
| English | leisure |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 暇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5975 |
| Phonetic component |
叚 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
暇 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡraːs/ |
Noun
暇
Japanese
Kanji
暇
Readings
Adjectival noun
暇 (-na inflection, hiragana ひま, romaji hima)
Inflection
Inflection of "暇な"
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 暇だろ | ひまだろ | hima daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 暇で | ひまで | hima de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 暇だ | ひまだ | hima da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 暇な | ひまな | hima na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 暇なら | ひまなら | hima nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 暇であれ | ひまであれ | hima de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 暇ではない 暇じゃない |
ひまではない ひまじゃない |
hima de wa nai hima ja nai |
| Informal past | 暇だった | ひまだった | hima datta |
| Informal negative past | 暇ではなかった 暇じゃなかった |
ひまではなかった ひまじゃなかった |
hima de wa nakatta hima ja nakatta |
| Formal | 暇です | ひまです | hima desu |
| Formal negative | 暇ではありません 暇じゃありません |
ひまではありません ひまじゃありません |
hima de wa arimasen hima ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 暇でした | ひまでした | hima deshita |
| Formal negative past | 暇ではありませんでした 暇じゃありませんでした |
ひまではありませんでした ひまじゃありませんでした |
hima de wa arimasen deshita hima ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 暇で | ひまで | hima de |
| Conditional | 暇なら（ば） | ひまなら（ば） | hima nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 暇だったら | ひまだったら | hima dattara |
| Volitional | 暇だろう | ひまだろう | hima darō |
| Adverbial | 暇に | ひまに | hima ni |
| Degree | 暇さ | ひまさ | himasa |
Noun
暇 (hiragana いとま, romaji itoma)
Derived terms
- 暇人 (himajin)
- 暇を唾す (hima o tsubasu)
Korean
Hanja
暇 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune-Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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