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Definition 2025

涵

涵

Translingual

Han character

涵 (radical 85 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水弓山水 (ENUE), four-corner 31172, composition ⿰氵函)

  1. to contain, to include
  2. culvert
  3. soak, wet
  4. tolerate, be lenient

References

  • KangXi: page 628, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17595
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1665, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6DB5

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 涵

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 涵
Oracle bone script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (函) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜬 *kuːm, *ɡuːm
函 *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm
涵 *ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ
顄 *ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ
圅 *ɡuːm
菡 *ɡuːmʔ

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 涵 涵
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 覃 (159) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 胡男切 胡感切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʌm/ /ɦʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəm/ /ɦəmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɒm/ /ɣɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəm/ /ɦəmX/
Li
Rong		 /ɣᴀm/ /ɣᴀmX/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɒm/ /ɣɒmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣăm/ /ɣămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hán hàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 涵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hom ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˤ[o]m/
English soak, overflow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 涵 涵
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4862 4867
Phonetic
component		 函 函
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 含 頷
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡuːm/ /*ɡuːmʔ/

Definitions

涵

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Japanese

Kanji

涵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

涵 • ‎(ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune-Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

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