Russian

Alternative forms

• -евать ‎(-evatʹ), -ева́ть ‎(-evátʹ) (after a palatal consonant)

Suffix

-овать or -ова́ть • ‎(-ovatʹ or -ovátʹ)

1. Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, or foreign verbs.

   штраф ‎(štraf, “fine”) → штрафова́ть ‎(štrafovátʹ, “to fine”)

   ревн(ость) ‎(revn(ostʹ), “jealousy”) → ревнова́ть ‎(revnovátʹ, “to be jealous”)

   German integrieren ‎(“to integrate”) → интегри́ровать ‎(intɛgrírovatʹ, “to integrate”)

Conjugation

unstressed

stressed

Usage notes

• This suffix is very frequently added to German words ending in -ieren (borrowed in turn from French -er), producing the combined suffix -и́ровать ‎(-írovatʹ), which taken on a life of its own.