Armenian

Suffix

-ս • ‎(-s)

1. a possessive suffix marking 1st person possession

   գիրքս‎ ― girkʿs ― my book

   գնալս‎ ― gnals ― my going

   ձեռքերովս‎ ― jeṙkʿerovs ― with my hands

   1. co-occurs with postpositions in pseudo-possessive meaning identifying the location in the 1st person

      մոտս‎ ― mots ― with me/at me/near me

      վրաս‎ ― vras ― on me

2. a personal suffix used to refer to the 1st person as an agent; found in idioms and certain constructions

   ես ինքս‎ ― es inkʿs ― I myself

   Ես՝ Վահագն Ա. Պետրոսյանս, կազմեցի սույն օրինակը։‎

   Es, Vahagn A. Petrosyans, kazmecʿi suyn ōrinakə.

   I, Vahagn A. Petrosyan Esq., made up the following example.

   ես ինքս‎ ― es inkʿs ― I myself

   Դուք՝ առաջավորներդ, պիտի օգնեք մեզ՝ ետ մնացողներիս։‎

   Dukʿ, aṙaǰavornerd, piti ōgnekʿ mez, et mnacʿołneris.

   You, the advanced ones, have to help us, the backward ones.

3. a demonstrative suffix found in
   1. some temporal expressions indicating a point of time being very close to the moment of speech

      ամառս‎ ― amaṙs ― this summer

   2. some expressions indicating a location very close (or even familiar) to the speaker

      Բարբառումս կա 43 հնչյուն։‎ ― Barbaṙums ka 43 hnčʿyun. ― There are 43 sounds in this dialect.

See also

• -դ ‎(-d)

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 112–116

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From *սո- ‎(*so-).

Suffix

-ս • ‎(-s)

1. this, these (near the speaker)

   կինս զոր ետուր‎ ― kins zor etur ― this woman given me by you

   զոր ասեմս‎ ― zor asems ― what I say

2. (personal pronoun) I

   տէրս եւ վերդապետս‎ ― tērs ew verdapets ― I who am a lord and master

3. sometimes used for ornament

   յորոց միջի ես բնակեալս եմ‎ ― yorocʿ miǰi es bnakeals em ― among whom I live

   զոր ինչ եսս գործեմ‎ ― zor inčʿ ess gorcem ― that which I do

   զոր սայս խօսի‎ ― zor says xōsi ― what he says

   որպէս եւ եսս եմ‎ ― orpēs ew ess em ― as I am

   վասն իրացս այսոցիկ‎ ― vasn iracʿs aysocʿik ― for these things

   զոր այժմս ասացի‎ ― zor ayžms asacʿi ― what I have just now said

Usage notes

See the notes in -դ ‎(-d).

Descendants

• Armenian: -ս ‎(-s)

References

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ս”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, published 1926–1935

Etymology 2

From the Proto-Indo-European plural accusative case ending *-Vns, *-(C)n̥s. Compare dialectal Ancient Greek λύκονς ‎(lúkons, “wolves”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰-𐌽𐍃 ‎(daga-ns, “days”).

Suffix

-ս • ‎(-s)

1. plural accusative case marker

   շունս‎ ― šuns ― accusative plural of շուն ‎(šun)

2. forming adverbs

Derived terms

References

• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 102
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian (pdf), Zagreb, page 19

Etymology 3

Either from -ս ‎(-s, “plural accusative case marker”) (see Etymology 2) or inherited from Proto-Indo-European plural locative marker *-su by apocope; compare Sanskrit वृकेषु ‎(vṛkeṣu).

Suffix

-ս • ‎(-s)

1. plural locative case marker

   շունս‎ ― šuns ― locative plural of շուն ‎(šun)

References

• Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 103
• Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian (pdf), Zagreb, page 19