Finnish

Suffix

-si (appended to the (strong) vowel stem; the final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural is omitted)

1. (possessive) suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun your (addressing one person; in archaic English: thy):

   • (sinun) kirjasi = your book

2. (possessive) appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), you (addressing one person; in archaic English: thee):

   • (sinun) edessäsi = in front of you
   • (sinun) takanasi = behind you

3. (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause:

   • Sanoit tekeväsi läksyjäsi.
     • You said that you were doing your homework. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. "se dicit facere")

4. (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause:

   • Väitit tehneesi läksyjäsi.
     • You claimed to have been doing your homework.

5. (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive:

   • Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
     • (While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.

6. (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular:

   • Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
     • (After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.

7. (possessive) used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive:

   • Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
     • (In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.

8. (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).

   • Olit hyvin pahoillasi siitä.
     • You were very sorry about it.

9. (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).

   • Kävelit kirjoinesi ovesta ulos.
     • You walked with your books out the door.

Usage notes

• The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun "sinä" before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form "sinun" (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
• The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to standard Finnish, not to spoken Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.

Derived terms

• (the reflexive pronoun, itse + -si) itsesi

See also

• -ni
• -nsa / -nsä
• -mme
• -nne

Italian

Pronoun

-si

1. enclitic form of si; appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms

   dare ‎(“to give”) → darsi ‎(“to give oneself; to devote”)

   vendere ‎(“to sell”) → vendersi ‎(“to sell oneself; to prostitute”)

   servire ‎(“to serve”) → servirsi ‎(“to serve oneself; to make use of”)

Usage notes

The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arsi

-ere → -ersi

-ire → -irsi

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre ‎(“to enter”) → introdursi ‎(“to enter oneself; to sneak into”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.

Latin

Suffix

-si

1. nominative masculine plural of -sus
2. genitive masculine singular of -sus
3. genitive neuter singular of -sus
4. vocative masculine plural of -sus

Old Irish

Suffix

-si

1. her (emphatic)
2. you (plural; emphatic)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16^d8

     Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.

     I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.

Usage notes

Added to nouns to emphasize a possessor, to verbs to emphasize a subject, and to inflected prepositions to emphasize an object, in the 3rd person singular feminine or the 2nd person plural.

Related terms

• -sa
• -so
• -som
• -sa
• -ni

Quechua

Alternative forms

• (after vowels) -s
• -shi

Suffix

-si

1. Evidential suffix, second-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has not directly experienced the information at hand; hearsay

   Chay llaqta sumaqsi.

   (I hear that) that town is pretty.

   Parachkansi.

   (I heard that) it is raining.

   Anchapsi waqachinki wamrayta.

   (They say that) you make my child cry excessively.

See also

• -m/-mi

Uzbek

Suffix

-si (-си)

1. Third person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a vowel. It has the same meaning as "uning" (its) placed before a noun.
   • Bu ruchkasi.

     "This is its ball pen."