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Definition 2024
Iran
Iran
English
Proper noun
Iran
- (common) a country in the Middle East. Its capital is Tehran. Present-day official name: Islamic Republic of Iran.
- 2005, Massoume Price, ed., Iran's Diverse Peoples, ABC-Clio, page xiii:
- Iran is a vast and ancient country in a strategic location in the Middle East. It borders Russia, Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, the Gulf of Oman, and the Persian Gulf
- ca. 1675, Jean Chardin (Sir John Chardin), Travels in Persia, 1673-1677, fasc. reprint 1988, Dover, page 126:
- The Persians, in naming their country, make use of one word, which they indifferently pronounce Iroun, and Iran.
- 2005, Massoume Price, ed., Iran's Diverse Peoples, ABC-Clio, page xiii:
- (literary, technical) regions inhabited by Iranian peoples, i.e. (A) Western Iranian languages/peoples – Parthian(s) proper, Persiann(s) proper, Mede(s), Kurd(s), etc. – of the present-day country, and (B) the Eastern Iranian languages/peoples – Bactrian(s), Chorasmian(s), Khotanese, Sogdian(s), Baluchi(s), Pashtun(s) etc. – of Central Asia, or Ossetian(s) etc. of the Caucasus.
- 1990, Hubert Darke, "Cambridge History of Iran" in Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 4, page 724:
- "[The] Cambridge History of Iran [is] a survey of the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent
- 1985, J. M. Cooke, "The Rise of the Achaemenids" in Cambridge Historiy of Iran, volume 2, page 290:
- [W]e may surmise that there was a strong sense of Iranian unity lending solidarity to the eastern half of the empire. It is only in the generations after Alexander, in Eudemus and in Eratosthenes (ap. Strabo), that we find mention of the concept of a greater nation of Iran (Arianē) stretching from the Zagros to the Indus; but the sense of unity must have been there, for Herodotus tells us that the Medes were formerly called Arioi, and Darius I (followed by Xerxes) in his inscriptions proclaims himself an Iranian (Ariya) by race - he speaks of himself in ascending order as an Achaemenid, a Persian and an Iranian (Naqsh-i Rustam).
- 1898, A. V. W. Jackson, Zoroaster: The Prophet of Ancient Iran, Macmillan, page 10:
- Zoroaster of Iran. — Zoroaster, it is believed, sprang up in the seventh century before the Christian era, somewhere in the land between the Indus and the Tigris.
- 1882, James Darmesteter, The Zend-Avesta, volume 1 (SBE, volume 31), Oxford UP, page 7, xxviii:
- Kavi means a king, but it is particularly used of the kings belonging to the second and most celebrated of the two mythical dynasties of Iran.
- One certain fact is the occurrence of geographical names [Bactria, Sogdiana, etc] in Vendidad I, which are obviously intended to describe the earliest homes of the Iranian races whose lore was the Avesta.
- 1909, John Huston Finley (ed.), "Iran" in Nelson's Perpetual Loose-leaf Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 479:
- Iran. in early times, the name applied to the great Asiatic plateau which comprised the entire region from the Caucasus, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan on the north to the Tigris, the Persian Gulf, and the Arabian Sea on the west and south, and extending to the Indus on the east, likewise comprising the modern Afghanistan and the territory to the north of it as far as the Jaxartes River.
- 1990, Hubert Darke, "Cambridge History of Iran" in Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 4, page 724:
- Note: The distinction is between state and nation; the latter reflects indigenous usage of the term.
Synonyms
- Persia (archaic exogenous name for the country)
Related terms
Derived terms
Derived terms
Translations
country in the Middle East
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Persia — see Persia
References
- ↑ MacKenzie, David Niel (1998). "Ērān, Ērānšahr". Encyclopedia Iranica, volume 8. Costa Mesa: Mazda, page 534.
- ↑
- ↑
See also
Anagrams
Catalan
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Iran m
Derived terms
Usage notes
- Catalan uses the definite article l’ in front of Iran, but not in enumerations (such as "Canada, China and Iran are big countries.")
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈiːɹan/
- Homophone: iðran
Proper noun
Iran
Declension
| Singular | |
| Indefinite | |
| Nominative | Iran |
| Accusative | Iran |
| Dative | Irani |
| Genitive | Irans |
Related terms
Anagrams
Finnish
Proper noun
Iran
Declension
| Inflection of Iran (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | Iran | — | |
| genitive | Iranin | — | |
| partitive | Irania | — | |
| illative | Iraniin | — | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | Iran | — | |
| accusative | nom. | Iran | — |
| gen. | Iranin | ||
| genitive | Iranin | — | |
| partitive | Irania | — | |
| inessive | Iranissa | — | |
| elative | Iranista | — | |
| illative | Iraniin | — | |
| adessive | Iranilla | — | |
| ablative | Iranilta | — | |
| allative | Iranille | — | |
| essive | Iranina | — | |
| translative | Iraniksi | — | |
| instructive | — | — | |
| abessive | Iranitta | — | |
| comitative | — | — | |
Anagrams
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iʁɑ̃/
Proper noun
Iran m
Related terms
See also
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iˈʁaːn/
- Rhymes: -aːn
Proper noun
Iran n (genitive Irans)
Proper noun
Iran m (genitive Irans or Iran)
Usage notes
- The word is sometimes used without a definite article as in English: Iran, in Iran. In this case, the genitive is always Irans, for example Irans Hauptstadt – "Iran's capital".
- More commonly, however, the definite article is used with the name: der Iran, im Iran. In this case, the genitive usually is des Iran, although des Irans is also correct: die Hauptstadt des Iran(s) – "the capital of Iran".
Derived terms
Related terms
- Iranier
See also
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈiran/
Proper noun
Iran m
Declension
declension of Iran
Derived terms
- Irańczyk m, Iranka f
- adjective: irański