English

Adjective

dum ‎(not comparable)

1. (India, cooking) cooked with steam

Etymology 2

Interjection

dum

1. Syllable used when humming a tune.
   • 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor

     I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr ‎(“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeubʰ-. Compare Swedish and Norwegian dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dom/, [d̥ɔmˀ]
• Rhymes: -ɔm

Adjective

dum

1. stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim
2. foolish, silly, daft

Inflection

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin dum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dum/

Preposition

dum

1. for

   Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj.‎

   I will be in the USA for two years.

2. during
3. while
4. whereas

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.

Preposition

dum

1. during, in (a period of time)

   Il esis absenta dum tri yari.‎

   He was absent for three years.

Derived terms

• dume ‎(“meanwhile, meantime”)

Latin

Etymology

For dium. Confer Latin diū and diēs.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /dum/

Conjunction

dum

1. while, as
   • c. 29 bc, Publius Vergilius Maro, Georgicon, III.285

     fvgit inreparabile tempvs
     singvla dvm capti circvmvectamvr amore

     Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.

   • c. ad 2, Publius Ovidius Naso, Ars Amatoria, XI

     dvm loqvor hora fvgit

     While I speak, the hour flees away.

     Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulce canō.

     While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.

2. until
3. as long as

   • Dum erunt homines.

     As long as there are men. (As long as mankind exists.)

4. so long as, provided that

   • Oderint, dum metuant.

     Let them hate, so long as they fear.

Usage notes

Most often used with the present indicative forms of verbs.

Derived terms

• dūdum
• interdum
• manedum
• nondum

Descendants

• Italian: mentre
• Spanish: mientras

References

• dum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• dum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Félix Gaffiot (1934), “dum”, in Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Paris: Hachette.
• Meissner, Carl; Auden, Henry William (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
    
  • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
    
• dum in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Lojban

Rafsi

dum

1. rafsi of du'u.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeubʰ-. Compare with Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Adjective

dum ‎(neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)

1. foolish
2. stupid, silly

References

• “dum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeubʰ-.

Adjective

dum ‎(neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)

1. foolish
2. stupid, silly

References

• “dum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Irish

Noun

dum

1. Alternative form of daum

Mutation

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• d'um (dated)

Etymology

From earlier d'uma, from de ‎(“of”) + um ‎(“masculine singular indefinite article”)

Pronunciation

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /dũ/
• (Portugal, following an oral sound) IPA^(key): [ðũ]
• Rhymes: -ũ

Contraction

dum m

1. Contraction of de um ‎(“pertaining or relating to a”).; of a; from a (masculine singular)

See also

• duma (feminine form)
• duns (plural form)
• dumas (feminine plural form)

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.

Adjective

dum

1. stupid; dumb

Synonyms

• hoolich

Derived terms

• Dumstolt

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɵmː/

Adjective

dum

1. stupid, dumb
2. mean, cruel

Declension

Uzbek

Etymology

From Persian دم ‎(dom)

Noun

dum ‎(plural dumlar)

1. tail