Latvian

Alternative forms

• (dialectal form) rups

Adjective

rupjš (def. rupjais, comp. rupjāks, sup. visrupjākais; adv. rupji)

1. (of mixtures, powder-like substances) coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section)

   rupja smilts, grants‎ ― coarse sand, gravel

   rupji putraimi, milti‎ ― coarse grits, flour

   rupjais sāls‎ ― coarse salt

   rupjas aveņu ogas‎ ― rough raspberries

   rupjas zvīņas‎ ― coarse (fish) scales

   rupja maize, rupjmaize‎ ― rye bread, brown bread (lit. coarse bread)

2. (of nets, meshes) coarse (having relatively large holes)

   rupjš siets, tīkls‎ ― coarse sieve, net

3. (of files) rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)

   rupja vīle, rupjvīle‎ ― rough file

4. (of thread, yarn, hair, fur, also cloth) coarse, thick (having a relatively large cross-section; made of thread, yarn having a relatively large cross-section)

   rupjš diegs‎ ― coarse, thick thread

   rupja dzija‎ ― coarse, thick yarn

   rupja vilna‎ ― coarse wool

   rupja adata‎ ― coarse needle

   rupjš linu audums‎ ― scrim (lit. coarse linen) cloth

   rupjš maiss, krekls, galdauts‎ ― coarse bag, shirt, tablecloth

   rupjas zeķes‎ ― coarse socks

   noslaucīties rupjā dvielī‎ ― to dry oneself with (lit. in) a coarse towel

   aļņa ķermenis klāts ar biezu, rupju apmatojumu‎ ― an elk's body is covered with thick, coarse hair

5. (of grains) coarse, rough (composed of elements having a relatively large cross-section)

   rupja maluma milti‎ ― rough, coarse grist flour (i.e., flour which contains chaff)

6. (of skin, surfaces) rough, harsh, unpolished; having bumps and dents on its surface

   rokas man rupjas no darba‎ ― my hands are harsh from work

   rupjš, pelēks papīrs‎ ― harsh, gray paper

   rupjais apmetums‎ ― coarse, harsh plaster

   aligators klāts ar rupju, grumbuļainu ādu‎ ― the alligator is covered by a harsh, rugged skin

7. (of objects) rough, not refined, not well designed, not completed, of low quality

   šis rupjais dēļu šķirsts‎ ― that rough, coarse wooden chest

   rupjais cirtums‎ ― rough cutting, roughly cut surface

8. (of sounds) coarse, hollow, low

   rupji smiekli‎ ― coarse laughter

   rupja balss‎ ― coarse, hollow, low voice

   rupjš, rejošs klepus‎ ― coarse, barking cough

9. (of people, their behavior) rude, offensive, tactless, tough, violent; expressing such features

   Grīslis bija rupjš, nesaticīgs vīrs‎ ― Grīslis was a rude, irritable man

   rupjš joks‎ ― rude joke

   rupjš izteiciens‎ ― harsh language

   rupja mute‎ ― harsh, rude mouth

   rupji vārdi‎ ― harsh, rude words

   rupjš cīņas paņēmiens‎ ― tough, violent fighting technique

   rupja, netaktiska izturēšanās‎ ― rude, tactless behavior

10. (of errors, irregularities, etc.) gross, big (which deviates strongly from the truth, from accepted norms, etc.)

    rupja kļūda‎ ― gross, big mistake, blunder

    rupjš disciplīnas pārkāpums‎ ― big breach of discipline

    rupjš apmelojums‎ ― gross, shameless calumny, slander

    ticēt rupjiem meliem‎ ― to believe gross, big lies

11. (of work) harsh, tough (physical, heavy and repetitive)

    rupjais darbs‎ ― harsh, tough work

Declension

Synonyms

• (of skin, surface): negluds, raupjš, ass
• (of sounds): skarbs, zems, dobjš

Antonyms

• (of powder, grain, cloth): smalks
• (of skin, surfaces): gluds, mīksts, maigs

Derived terms

• rupjība
• rupjmaize, rupja maize
• rupjums
• rupjvīle, rupja vīle

References

1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rupjš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7