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Definition 2024
écher
écher
French
Verb
écher
- Alternative form of escher
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written écher-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written ècher-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of écher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | écher | avoir éché | |||||
| gerund | en échant | en ayant éché | |||||
| present participle | échant /e.ʃɑ̃/ |
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| past participle | éché /e.ʃe/ |
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| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | èche /ɛʃ/ |
èches /ɛʃ/ |
èche /ɛʃ/ |
échons /e.ʃɔ̃/ |
échez /e.ʃe/ |
èchent /ɛʃ/ |
| imperfect | échais /e.ʃɛ/ |
échais /e.ʃɛ/ |
échait /e.ʃɛ/ |
échions /e.ʃjɔ̃/ |
échiez /e.ʃje/ |
échaient /e.ʃɛ/ |
|
| past historic1 | échai /e.ʃe/ |
échas /e.ʃa/ |
écha /e.ʃa/ |
échâmes /e.ʃam/ |
échâtes /e.ʃat/ |
échèrent /e.ʃɛʁ/ |
|
| future | ècherai or écherai /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
ècheras or écheras /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
èchera or échera /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
ècherons or écherons /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
ècherez or écherez /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
ècheront or écheront /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
|
| conditional | ècherais or écherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ècherais or écherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ècherait or écherait /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ècherions or écherions /ɛ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ècheriez or écheriez /ɛ.ʃə.ʁje/ |
ècheraient or écheraient /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
|
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | èche /ɛʃ/ |
èches /ɛʃ/ |
èche /ɛʃ/ |
échions /e.ʃjɔ̃/ |
échiez /e.ʃje/ |
èchent /ɛʃ/ |
| imperfect1 |
échasse /e.ʃas/ |
échasses /e.ʃas/ |
échât /e.ʃa/ |
échassions /e.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
échassiez /e.ʃa.sje/ |
échassent /e.ʃas/ |
|
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | èche /ɛʃ/ |
— | échons /e.ʃɔ̃/ |
échez /e.ʃe/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||