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Definition 2024
céder
céder
See also: ceder
French
Verb
céder
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like espérer. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written céder-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written cèder-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of céder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | céder | avoir cédé | |||||
| gerund | en cédant | en ayant cédé | |||||
| present participle | cédant /se.dɑ̃/ |
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| past participle | cédé /se.de/ |
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| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | cède /sɛd/ |
cèdes /sɛd/ |
cède /sɛd/ |
cédons /se.dɔ̃/ |
cédez /se.de/ |
cèdent /sɛd/ |
| imperfect | cédais /se.dɛ/ |
cédais /se.dɛ/ |
cédait /se.dɛ/ |
cédions /se.djɔ̃/ |
cédiez /se.dje/ |
cédaient /se.dɛ/ |
|
| past historic1 | cédai /se.de/ |
cédas /se.da/ |
céda /se.da/ |
cédâmes /se.dam/ |
cédâtes /se.dat/ |
cédèrent /se.dɛʁ/ |
|
| future | cèderai or céderai /sɛ.dʁe/ |
cèderas or céderas /sɛ.dʁa/ |
cèdera or cédera /sɛ.dʁa/ |
cèderons or céderons /sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ |
cèderez or céderez /sɛ.dʁe/ |
cèderont or céderont /sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ |
|
| conditional | cèderais or céderais /sɛ.dʁɛ/ |
cèderais or céderais /sɛ.dʁɛ/ |
cèderait or céderait /sɛ.dʁɛ/ |
cèderions or céderions /sɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cèderiez or céderiez /sɛ.də.ʁje/ |
cèderaient or céderaient /sɛ.dʁɛ/ |
|
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | cède /sɛd/ |
cèdes /sɛd/ |
cède /sɛd/ |
cédions /se.djɔ̃/ |
cédiez /se.dje/ |
cèdent /sɛd/ |
| imperfect1 |
cédasse /se.das/ |
cédasses /se.das/ |
cédât /se.da/ |
cédassions /se.da.sjɔ̃/ |
cédassiez /se.da.sje/ |
cédassent /se.das/ |
|
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | cède /sɛd/ |
— | cédons /se.dɔ̃/ |
cédez /se.de/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||