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Definition 2024
αρχω
ἄρχω
Ancient Greek
Verb
ἄρχω • (árkhō)
- (transitive) To begin [+genitive = something, from something, with something]
- (transitive) To lead, rule, govern, command [+genitive = someone]; [+dative = someone]
- (intransitive) To be ruler; to hold an archonship
Inflection
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἄρχω | ἄρχεις | ἄρχει | ἄρχετον | ἄρχετον | ἄρχομεν | ἄρχετε | ἄρχουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἄρχω | ἄρχῃς | ἄρχῃ | ἄρχητον | ἄρχητον | ἄρχωμεν | ἄρχητε | ἄρχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἄρχοιμῐ | ἄρχοις | ἄρχοι | ἄρχοιτον | ἀρχοίτην | ἄρχοιμεν | ἄρχοιτε | ἄρχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἆρχε | ἀρχέτω | ἄρχετον | ἀρχέτων | ἄρχετε | ἀρχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἄρχομαι | ἄρχῃ, ἄρχει |
ἄρχεται | ἄρχεσθον | ἄρχεσθον | ἀρχόμεθᾰ | ἄρχεσθε | ἄρχονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἄρχωμαι | ἄρχῃ | ἄρχηται | ἄρχησθον | ἄρχησθον | ἀρχώμεθᾰ | ἄρχησθε | ἄρχωνται | |||||
| optative | ἀρχοίμην | ἄρχοιο | ἄρχοιτο | ἄρχοισθον | ἀρχοίσθην | ἀρχοίμεθᾰ | ἄρχοισθε | ἄρχοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἄρχου | ἀρχέσθω | ἄρχεσθον | ἀρχέσθων | ἄρχεσθε | ἀρχέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἄρχειν | ἄρχεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἄρχων | ἀρχόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἄρχουσᾰ | ἀρχομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἆρχον | ἀρχόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἦρχον, ἠρχόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἦρχον | ἦρχες | ἦρχε(ν) | ἤρχετον | ἠρχέτην | ἤρχομεν | ἤρχετε | ἦρχον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠρχόμην | ἤρχου | ἤρχετο | ἤρχεσθον | ἠρχέσθην | ἠρχόμεθᾰ | ἤρχεσθε | ἤρχοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: ἄρξω, ἄρξομαι, ἀρχθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἄρξω | ἄρξεις | ἄρξει | ἄρξετον | ἄρξετον | ἄρξομεν | ἄρξετε | ἄρξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἄρξοιμῐ | ἄρξοις | ἄρξοι | ἄρξοιτον | ἀρξοίτην | ἄρξοιμεν | ἄρξοιτε | ἄρξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἄρξομαι | ἄρξῃ, ἄρξει |
ἄρξεται | ἄρξεσθον | ἄρξεσθον | ἀρξόμεθᾰ | ἄρξεσθε | ἄρξονται | ||||
| optative | ἀρξοίμην | ἄρξοιο | ἄρξοιτο | ἄρξοισθον | ἀρξοίσθην | ἀρξοίμεθᾰ | ἄρξοισθε | ἄρξοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἀρχθήσομαι | ἀρχθήσῃ | ἀρχθήσεται | ἀρχθήσεσθον | ἀρχθήσεσθον | ἀρχθησόμεθᾰ | ἀρχθήσεσθε | ἀρχθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἀρχθησοίμην | ἀρχθήσοιο | ἀρχθήσοιτο | ἀρχθήσοισθον | ἀρχθησοίσθην | ἀρχθησοίμεθᾰ | ἀρχθήσοισθε | ἀρχθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἄρξειν | ἄρξεσθαι | ἀρχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἄρξων | ἀρξόμενος | ἀρχθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ἄρξουσᾰ | ἀρξομένη | ἀρχθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ἆρξον | ἀρξόμενον | ἀρχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἦρξᾰ, ἠρξᾰ́μην, ἤρχθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἦρξᾰ | ἦρξᾰς | ἦρξε(ν) | ἤρξᾰτον | ἠρξᾰ́την | ἤρξᾰμεν | ἤρξᾰτε | ἦρξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἄρξω | ἄρξῃς | ἄρξῃ | ἄρξητον | ἄρξητον | ἄρξωμεν | ἄρξητε | ἄρξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἄρξαιμῐ | ἄρξειᾰς, ἄρξαις |
ἄρξειε(ν), ἄρξαι |
ἄρξαιτον | ἀρξαίτην | ἄρξαιμεν | ἄρξαιτε | ἄρξειᾰν, ἄρξαιεν |
|||||
| imperative | ἆρξον | ἀρξᾰ́τω | ἄρξᾰτον | ἀρξᾰ́των | ἄρξᾰτε | ἀρξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠρξᾰ́μην | ἤρξω | ἤρξᾰτο | ἤρξᾰσθον | ἠρξᾰ́σθην | ἠρξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἤρξᾰσθε | ἤρξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἄρξωμαι | ἄρξῃ | ἄρξηται | ἄρξησθον | ἄρξησθον | ἀρξώμεθᾰ | ἄρξησθε | ἄρξωνται | |||||
| optative | ἀρξαίμην | ἄρξαιο | ἄρξαιτο | ἄρξαισθον | ἀρξαίσθην | ἀρξαίμεθᾰ | ἄρξαισθε | ἄρξαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἆρξαι | ἀρξᾰ́σθω | ἄρξᾰσθον | ἀρξᾰ́σθων | ἄρξᾰσθε | ἀρξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἤρχθην | ἤρχθης | ἤρχθη | ἤρχθητον | ἠρχθήτην | ἤρχθημεν | ἤρχθητε | ἤρχθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἀρχθῶ | ἀρχθῇς | ἀρχθῇ | ἀρχθῆτον | ἀρχθῆτον | ἀρχθῶμεν | ἀρχθῆτε | ἀρχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἀρχθείην | ἀρχθείης | ἀρχθείη | ἀρχθεῖτον, ἀρχθείητον |
ἀρχθείτην, ἀρχθειήτην |
ἀρχθεῖμεν, ἀρχθείημεν |
ἀρχθεῖτε, ἀρχθείητε |
ἀρχθεῖεν, ἀρχθείησᾰν |
|||||
| imperative | ἄρχθητῐ | ἀρχθήτω | ἄρχθητον | ἀρχθήτων | ἄρχθητε | ἀρχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἆρξαι | ἄρξᾰσθαι | ἀρχθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἄρξᾱς | ἀρξᾰ́μενος | ἀρχθείς | |||||||||
| f | ἄρξᾱσᾰ | ἀρξᾰμένη | ἀρχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ἆρξᾰν | ἀρξᾰ́μενον | ἀρχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἦρχᾰ, ἦργμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἦρχᾰ | ἦρχᾰς | ἦρχε(ν) | ἤρχᾰτον | ἤρχᾰτον | ἤρχᾰμεν | ἤρχᾰτε | ἤρχᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἤρχω | ἤρχῃς | ἤρχῃ | ἤρχητον | ἤρχητον | ἤρχωμεν | ἤρχητε | ἤρχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἤρχοιμῐ, ἠρχοίην |
ἤρχοις, ἠρχοίης |
ἤρχοι, ἠρχοίη |
ἤρχοιτον | ἠρχοίτην | ἤρχοιμεν | ἤρχοιτε | ἤρχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἦρχε | ἠρχέτω | ἤρχετον | ἠρχέτων | ἤρχετε | ἠρχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἦργμαι | ἦρξαι | ἦρκται | ἦρχθον | ἦρχθον | ἤργμεθᾰ | ἦρχθε | ἤρχᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἠργμένος ὦ | ἠργμένος ᾖς | ἠργμένος ᾖ | ἠργμένω ἦτον | ἠργμένω ἦτον | ἠργμένοι ὦμεν | ἠργμένοι ἦτε | ἠργμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἠργμένος εἴην | ἠργμένος εἴης | ἠργμένος εἴη | ἠργμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | ἠργμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἠργμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἠργμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἠργμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἦρξο | ἤρχθω | ἦρχθον | ἤρχθων | ἦρχθε | ἤρχθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἠρχέναι | ἦρχθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἠρχώς | ἠργμένος | ||||||||||
| f | ἠρχυῖᾰ | ἠργμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἠρχός | ἠργμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
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Related terms
References
- ἄρχω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἄρχω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἄρχω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- «ἄρχω» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- «ἄρχω» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- «ἄρχω» in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (© 2006–2016)
- ἄρχω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “G757”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- ↑ The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots