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Definition 2024
θυγάτηρ
θυγάτηρ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Noun
θυγάτηρ • (thugátēr) f (genitive θῠγᾰτέρος or θῠγᾰτρός); third declension
- daughter
- female slave, maid-servant
Usage notes
The forms with three or more syllables do not fit the meter of Homer and other Epic poets, so in these forms the ῠ (u) of the stem is usually lengthened to ῡ (ū). In the following example, the σ (s) of the dative plural ending has also been doubled to σσ (ss) to make it fit the meter.
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.197–198
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θῡγατέρεσσιν γάρ τε καὶ υἱάσι βέλτερον εἴη
ἐκπάγλοις ἐπέεσσιν ἐνισσέμεν οὓς τέκεν αὐτός- since it would be better for him to use his violent words to attack the daughters and sons whom he himself beget
-
θῡγατέρεσσιν γάρ τε καὶ υἱάσι βέλτερον εἴη
In the following example, the accusative singular ending -ᾰ (-a) appears to be lengthened to ᾱ (ā), because its syllable is heavy (long), but the actual reason that the syllable is heavy is because in Homer's time the possessive pronoun ἥν (hḗn) began with a doubled voiceless /ʍʍ/ that was changed to an initial ῾ (῾) (rough breathing) in the Attic version of the text.
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.374–376
-
Ὀθρυονεῦ περὶ δή σε βροτῶν αἰνίζομ' ἁπάντων
εἰ ἐτεὸν δὴ πάντα τελευτήσεις ὅσ' ὑπέστης
Δαρδανίδῃ Πριάμῳ· ὃ δ' ὑπέσχετο θῡγατέρᾱ ἥν [= *-ᾰ ῾ϝϝήν].- Othryoneus, I congratulate you beyond all mortals
if you will truly bring to pass what you promised
to Priam son of Dardanus: he has promised [you] his daughter.
- Othryoneus, I congratulate you beyond all mortals
-
Ὀθρυονεῦ περὶ δή σε βροτῶν αἰνίζομ' ἁπάντων
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ θῠγᾰ́τηρ | τὼ θῠγᾰ́τερε | αἱ θῠγᾰτέρες, θῠ́γᾰτρες | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς θῠγᾰτέρος, θῠγᾰτρός | τοῖν θῠγᾰτέροιν | τῶν θῠγᾰτέρων, θῠγᾰτρῶν | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ θῠγᾰτέρῐ, θῠγᾰτρί | τοῖν θῠγᾰτέροιν | ταῖς θῠγᾰτέρσῐ(ν), θῠγᾰτρᾰ́σῐ(ν) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν θῠγᾰ́τερᾰ, θῠγᾰτέρᾰ, θῠ́γᾰτρᾰ | τὼ θῠγᾰ́τερε | τᾱ̀ς θῠγᾰτέρᾰς | ||||||||||
| Vocative | θῠγᾰ́τερ, θῠ́γᾰτερ | θῠγᾰ́τερε | θῠγᾰτέρες, θῠ́γᾰτρες | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- θυγατριδή (thugatridḗ)
- θυγατριδεύς (thugatrideús)
- θυγάτριον (thugátrion)
- θυγατρίς (thugatrís)
- θυγατρόγαμος (thugatrógamos)
- θυγατρογόνος (thugatrogónos)
- θυγατρόπαις (thugatrópais)
- θυγατροποιός (thugatropoiós)
Descendants
- Greek: θυγατέρα (thygatéra)
References
- θυγάτηρ in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- θυγάτηρ in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- θυγάτηρ in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- «θυγάτηρ» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- «θυγάτηρ» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- «θυγάτηρ» in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (© 2006–2016)
- θυγάτηρ in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “G2364”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- daughter idem, page 196.