Ancient Greek

• (4th AD Koine) IPA^(key): /epistréɸo/

• (10th AD Byzantine) IPA^(key): /epistréfo/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /epistɾéfo/

Verb

ἐπιστρέφω • ‎(epistréphō)

1. to turn about, turn round, wheel about
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.141
   • 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 942
   • 10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Automata 23.3
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.90
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.4.9
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Sulla 19
   • 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Asclepiodotus, Tactics 10.5
   1. to turn towards
      • 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 1083
      • 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 213
      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Timon or The Misanthrope 11
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.21.C
      • 412 BCE – 323 BCE, Diogenes of Sinope, Letters 34.1
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 1182
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Mark Antony 42
      1. (intransitive) to turn oneself towards
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 8.12
         • 204 CE – 270 CE, Plotinus, Collected Works 5.3.1
         • 412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, Elements of Theology 15
   2. to turn or convert from an error, to correct, make to repent
      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, How to Write History 5
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alcibiades 16
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cato the Younger 14
      • 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Lives of the Sophists 1.7.1
      1. (intransitive) to repent
         • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Judith 5.19
         • 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 13.15
         • 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 22.32
   3. to curve, twist
      • 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 1131
      • Palatine Anthology 11.376.8
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 4.35
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 963.B.10
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.8.4
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.9.6
2. (middle voice, passive, especially in second aorist) to turn oneself around, turn about
   • Oppian, Cynegetica 4.179
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.156
   • 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 187
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 629.B.15
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 616.C
   • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1111
   1. to go back and forth
      • Second Homeric Hymn to Artemis 10
      • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 508
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 753
      • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 83
      • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 352
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 4.13
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 247.A
      • 100 CE – 300 CE, Dionysius Periegetes, Periegesis 584
   2. to turn the mind towards, pay attention to
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 599
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.88
      • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 400
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 136
   3. (perfect passive participle) earnest, vehement
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.62
      • 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Lives of the Sophists 1.7.1

Inflection

References

• ἐπιστρέφω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἐπιστρέφω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἐπιστρέφω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «ἐπιστρέφω» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• «ἐπιστρέφω» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “G1994”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979