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Definition 2024

亢

亢

亢 U+4EA2, 亢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA2
← 亡
[U+4EA1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亣 →
[U+4EA3]

Translingual

Han character

亢 (radical 8 亠+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹弓 (YHN), four-corner 00217, composition ⿱亠几)

  1. high, proud
  2. violent, excessive
  3. skilled
  4. A surname​.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 88, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 288
  • Dae Jaweon: page 185, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 280, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4EA2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 亢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亢
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
Bronze inscriptions

b15195

b15196

b15197

b15198

b15199

b15200

b15201

b15202
Large seal script

L10045

L10046
Small seal script

s07527
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (亢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笐 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs
亢 *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs
牨 *kaːŋ
苀 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
魧 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
迒 *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ
邟 *kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
忼 *kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ
骯 *kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ
抗 *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
炕 *kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ
伉 *kʰaːŋs
閌 *kʰaːŋs
犺 *kʰaːŋs
蚢 *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
砊 *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
阬 *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ
頏 *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ
航 *ɡaːŋ
杭 *ɡaːŋ
沆 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ
肮 *ɡaːŋ
吭 *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs
秔 *kraːŋ
坑 *kʰraːŋ
劥 *kʰraːŋ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 亢
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kàng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k-ŋˤaŋ/
English lift high

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亢
Reading # 1/2
No. 7357
Phonetic
component		 亢
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 岡
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːŋ/

Definitions

亢

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 亢
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gāng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亢
Reading # 2/2
No. 7367
Phonetic
component		 亢
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 抗
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰaːŋs/

Definitions

亢

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 亢龍有悔／亢龙有悔
  • 批亢擣虛／批亢擣虚
  • 矯亢／矫亢
  • 藏頭亢腦／藏头亢脑
  • 高亢

Japanese

Kanji

亢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

亢 • ‎(hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune-Reischauer hang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

亢 (cang, khảng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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