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Definition 2024

壟斷

壟斷

See also: 垄断

Chinese

		monopolize	absolutely; decidedly (in negative constructions); break absolutely; decidedly (in negative constructions); break; to judge
trad. (壟斷)		壟	斷
simp. (垄断)		垄	断

Noun

壟斷

(archaic) higher ground
(figuratively) monopoly; monopolization

Verb

壟斷

(archaic) to trade in a market located on higher ground
(figuratively) to monopolize

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): lǒngduàn

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lung⁵ dyun⁶
Min Nan (POJ): lióng-tn̄g

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: lǒngduàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄢˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: loongduann
  - IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ tu̯a̠n⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lung⁵ dyun⁶
  - Yale: lúhng dyuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lung⁵ dyn⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ¹³ tyːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lióng-tn̄g
  - Tâi-lô: lióng-tn̄g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liofngd'ng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/