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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 85 +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水弓山水 (ENUE), four-corner 31172, composition)

  1. to contain, to include
  2. culvert
  3. soak, wet
  4. tolerate, be lenient

References

  • KangXi: page 628, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17595
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1030, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1665, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6DB5

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Oracle bone script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kuːm, *ɡuːm
*ɡuːm, *ɡruːm
*ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ
*ɡuːm, *ɡuːmʔ
*ɡuːm
*ɡuːmʔ

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (33) (33)
Final () (159) (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦʌm/ /ɦʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦəm/ /ɦəmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɒm/ /ɣɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəm/ /ɦəmX/
Li
Rong
/ɣᴀm/ /ɣᴀmX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɒm/ /ɣɒmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăm/ /ɣămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hán hàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hán
Middle
Chinese
‹ hom ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˤ[o]m/
English soak, overflow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4862 4867
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡuːm/ /*ɡuːmʔ/

Definitions

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Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings


Korean

Hanja

(ham) (hangeul , revised ham, McCune-Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

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