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Definition 2024
燕
燕
See also: 鷰
Translingual
Han character
燕 (radical 86 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中心火 (TLPF), four-corner 44331)
References
- KangXi: page 683, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19429
- Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2239, character 6
- Unihan data for U+71D5
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
燕 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (燕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 燕 | *qeːn, *qeːns |
| 驠 | *qeːn, *qeːns |
| 嬿 | *qeːnʔ, *qeːns |
| 鷰 | *qeːns |
| 醼 | *qeːns |
| 讌 | *qeːns |
| 嚥 | *qeːns |
| 酀 | *qeːns |
Pictogram (象形) – a swallow.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
- Wade-Giles: yen1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
- IPA (key): /i̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jin1
- Yale: yīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin1
- IPA (key): /jiːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕng
- IPA (key): /ieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 燕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 烏前切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔen/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔen/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɛn/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔen/ |
| Wang Li |
/ien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yān |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 燕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 14440 |
| Phonetic component |
燕 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
煙 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qeːn/ |
Proper noun
燕
- (historical) Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty
- (historical) Ji, its capital; Yanjing; other later cities in the same area, including Beijing
- (historical) the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 燕
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jin3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen / yan
- Min Dong (BUC): iéng
- Min Nan (POJ): iàn / ìⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): i (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: yen4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- IPA (key): /i̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jin3
- Yale: yin
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin3
- IPA (key): /jiːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen
- Hakka Romanization System: ien
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iéng
- IPA (key): /iɛŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iàn
- Tâi-lô: iàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: iexn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /iɛn¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ìⁿ
- Tâi-lô: ìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: vix
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ĩ⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ĩ¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ĩ²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ĩ²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ĩ²¹/
- Note: iàn - literary; ìⁿ - vernacular.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: i (T2)
- IPA (key): /i³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 燕 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 於甸切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔenH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔenH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔɛnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔɛnH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔenH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ienH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔienH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yàn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 燕 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔenH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔˤe[n]-s/ |
| English | swallow (n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 燕 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14443 |
| Phonetic component |
燕 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
宴 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qeːns/ |
Definitions
燕
- swallow (family Hirundinidae)
Compounds
Derived terms from 燕
|
Japanese
Kanji
燕
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Noun
燕 (hiragana つばくらめ, romaji tsubakurame)
- a swallow
- c. 890: Taketori Monogatari (page 11)
- 「[...] 石上の中納言には、燕（つばくらめ）の持たる子安のかい、ひとつ取りて賜へ」
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 7, page 29:
- 是我邦所謂豆波久良米也
- c. 890: Taketori Monogatari (page 11)
Noun
燕 (hiragana つばめ, katakana ツバメ, romaji tsubame)
- swallow, especially the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Proper noun
燕 (hiragana つばめ, romaji Tsubame)
- a place name, such as that of Tsubame City in Niigata Prefecture
References
- Horiuchi, Hideaki; Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari , Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-240017-4
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 978-4-653-00507-0, published 1968.
Korean
Hanja
燕 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune-Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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