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Definition 2024
獄
獄
See also: 狱
Translingual
Han character
獄 (radical 94 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 43234, composition ⿰狺犬)
Descendants
See also
References
- KangXi: page 717, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
- Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1365, character 16
- Unihan data for U+7344
Chinese
| trad. | 獄 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 狱 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 嶽 | *ŋroːɡ |
| 鸑 | *ŋroːɡ |
| 哭 | *ŋ̥ʰoːɡ |
| 獄 | *ŋoɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Wade-Giles: yü4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
- IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: juk6
- Yale: yuhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: juk9
- IPA (key): /jʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiug
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiug6
- IPA: /ɲi̯uk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ga̍k
- Tâi-lô: ga̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /gak̚²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /gak̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /gak̚⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /gak̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /gak̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
- Tâi-lô: gio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /giɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /giɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Taipei): /giɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /giɪk̚⁴/
- Note: ga̍k - vernacular; ge̍k/gio̍k - literary.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 獄 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /y⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /y⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /y⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /y²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /y⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /y²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /y²¹/ | |
| Xining | /y⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /y¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /y¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /y²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu |
/yo³¹/ /y¹³/ |
|
| Guiyang | /iu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /iu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʐuʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /yəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /yəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /yʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /y⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai |
/iɦoʔ⁵/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵioʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦioʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /niu²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵiu¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʐəu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /iəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiuk̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jok̚²/ |
| Nanning | /juk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /juk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/giɔk̚⁵/ /gak̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋoʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋy⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /gek̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zok̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 獄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 魚欲切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiok̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭwok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yù |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 獄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjowk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ŋ]rok/ |
| English | lawsuit; prison |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 獄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16032 |
| Phonetic component |
獄 |
| Rime group |
屋 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
玉 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋoɡ/ |
Definitions
獄
References
Japanese
Kanji
獄
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 獄 |
|
ごく Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 獄 (ngjowk, “prison”).
Pronunciation
Noun
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 獄 |
|
ひとや Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
- 人屋, 囚獄
Noun
獄 (hiragana ひとや, romaji hitoya)
References
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean
Hanja
獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥, revised ok, McCune-Reischauer ok, Yale ok)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
獄 (ngục)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Nôm: ngục
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999