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Definition 2024


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Translingual

Han character

(radical 167 +11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金尸一竹 (CSMH), four-corner 87122)

  1. pure gold

References

  • KangXi: page 1319, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40789
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1819, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4253, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+93D0

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ruːw
*ruːw, *rɯːws
*ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿 *rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
*rrɯːw
*krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
*krɯːw
*krɯːw, *rɯw
*riw, *rɯːw
*riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
*rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
*rɯːw, *rɯw
*rɯːw
*rɯːw
*ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
*rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
*rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
*rɯːwʔ
*mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
*mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
*rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
*rɯw
*rɯw, *rɯws
*rɯw, *rɯw
*rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
*r̥ʰɯw
*ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
*mrɯws
*ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
*krɯw
*ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
*rɯwɢ
*rɯwɢ
*rɯwɢ

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (37) (37)
Final () (136) (138)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨu/ /liɪu/
Pan
Wuyun
/liu/ /lɨu/
Shao
Rongfen
/liəu/ /lieu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luw/ /ljiw/
Li
Rong
/liu/ /liĕu/
Wang
Li
/lĭəu/ /liəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯ə̯u/ /lieu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liú liú
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liú liú
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljiw › ‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]iw/ /*[r]iw/
English fine gold fine gold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 8378 8392
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rɯw/ /*rɯw/

Definitions

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Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings