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Definition 2024

없다

없다

Korean

Adjective

없다 • ‎(eopda) ‎(infinitive 없어, sequential 없으니)

there are none; (to be) lacking; (to be) nonexistent
not

Usage notes

Most grammars classify 없다 (eopda) as an adjective with certain verbal qualities.^[1]

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 없다 (eopda)

Stems
Stem 1	없 (eop)
Stem 2	없어 (eopseo)
Stem 3	없으 (eopseu)
Conjugation type	Consonant-stem, 있없(iss/eops)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
	Formal non polite (해라체)	Informal non polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	없다 eopda past: 없었다 eopseotda	없어 eopseo past: 없었어 eopseosseo	없어요 eopseoyo past: 없었어요 eopseosseoyo	없습니다 eopseumnida past: 없었습니다 eopseotseumnida
Interrogative	없느냐 eomneunya past: 없었느냐 eopseonneunya	없어 eopseo past: 없었어 eopseosseo	없어요 eopseoyo past: 없었어요 eopseosseoyo	없습니까 eopseumnikka past: 없었습니까 eopseotseumnikka
Assertive	없겠다 eopgetda	없겠어 eopgesseo	없겠어요 eopgesseoyo	없겠습니다 eopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason	없어 eopseo	없어서 eopseoseo	없으니 eopseuni	없으니까 eopseunikka
Contrast	없지만 eopjiman	없는데 eomneunde	없더니 eopdeoni
Conjunction	없고 eopgo
Condition	없으면 eopseumyeon	없어야 eopseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		없음 eopseum	없기 eopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		없었음 eopseosseum	없었기 eopseotgi
Determiners	present		없는 eomneun
Determiners	future		없을 eopseul

Sentence-final forms with honorific Alternative honorific: 안 계시다 (an gyesida)
	Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	없으시다 eopseusida past: 없으셨다 eopseusyeotda	없으셔 eopseusyeo past: 없으셨어 eopseusyeosseo	없으세요, 없으셔요 eopseuseyo, eopseusyeoyo past: 없으셨어요 eopseusyeosseoyo	없으십니다 eopseusimnida past: 없으셨습니다 eopseusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	없으시냐 eopseusinya past: 없으셨냐 eopseusyeonnya	없으셔 eopseusyeo past: 없으셨어 eopseusyeosseo	없으세요, 없으셔요 eopseuseyo, eopseusyeoyo past: 없으셨어요 eopseusyeosseoyo	없으십니까 eopseusimnikka past: 없으셨습니까 eopseusyeotseumnikka
Assertive	없으시겠다 eopseusigetda	없으시겠어 eopseusigesseo	없으시겠어요 eopseusigesseoyo	없으시겠습니다 eopseusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason	없으셔 eopseusyeo	없으셔서 eopseusyeoseo	없으시니 eopseusini	없으시니까 eopseusinikka
Contrast	없으시지만 eopseusijiman	없으신데 eopseusinde	없으시더니 eopseusideoni
Conjunction	없으시고 eopseusigo
Condition	없으시면 eopseusimyeon	없으셔야 eopseusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		없으심 eopseusim	없으시기 eopseusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		없으셨음 eopseusyeosseum	없으셨기 eopseusyeotgi
Determiners	present		없으신 eopseusin
Determiners	future		없으실 eopseusil

Antonyms

있다 (itda, “to exist”)

Derived terms

없애다 (eopsaeda, “to cause not to exist; do away with”)
없어지다 (eopseojida)
없이 (eopsi)

References

↑ Koh & Nam (표준 국어 문법, rev. ed. 2002): 있다/없다