Russian

Alternative forms

• -аный ‎(-anyj)
• -еный ‎(-enyj)

Suffix

-ёный • ‎(-jónyj)

1. Suffix used to form passive-participle-like adjectives from verbs that normally form past passive participles in -ённый ‎(-jónnyj).

   вари́ть ‎(varítʹ, “to boil”) → варёный ‎(varjónyj, “boiled”)

   плести́ ‎(plestí, “to weave”) → плетёный ‎(pletjónyj, “(attributive) wicker”)

   учи́ть ‎(učítʹ, “to teach”) → учёный ‎(učónyj, “learned”)

Usage notes

For most such adjectives, short forms in -ён ‎(-jon), -ёна ‎(-jóna), -ёно ‎(-jóno), -ёны ‎(-jóny) exist theoretically, but are usually avoided due to ambiguity with the short forms of the corresponding past passive participle in -ённый ‎(-jónnyj) (in the case of -ёна ‎(-jóna), -ёно ‎(-jóno), -ёны ‎(-jóny) the ambiguity is with colloquial forms; the corresponding standard short forms for participles in -ённый ‎(-jónnyj) are -ена́ ‎(-ená), -ено́ ‎(-enó), -ены́ ‎(-ený)). However, this doesn't apply to some adjectives, e.g. учёный ‎(učónyj), where the short forms are in normal use.

See also

• -лый ‎(-lyj) (used to form similar adjectives from intransitive verbs)