Abenaki

Suffix

-ak

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of animate words.

   sips ‎(“bird”) → sipsak ‎(“birds”)

   wôbigo ‎(“he is white”) → wôbigoak ‎(“they are white”)

Usage notes

• -ak is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of animate words. It is often used to form the plurals of words ending in letters other than the semivowel w or the vowel a; it is sometimes used to form the plurals of words ending in w; it is almost never used to form the plurals of words ending in a.
• The other suffixes used to form the plurals of animate words are:
  • -ik, often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots"),
  • -ok, used to form the plurals of many words ending in w (which it may suppress), and of some other words (which likely ended in w at an earlier stage of the language),
  • -k, used to form the plurals of almost all words that end in a, and of some words that end in other vowels or in the semivowel w; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.
• The suffixes used to form the plurals of inanimate words are:
  • -al, the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words (paskhigan, "gun" → paskhiganal, "guns"), including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a,
  • -il, used to form the plurals of some words ending in the consonant g or k; only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters,
  • -ol, used to form the plurals of some words ending in the semivowel w (which it suppresses) or other consonants (which likely ended in w at an earlier stage of the language),
  • -l, used to form the plurals of many words ending in vowels, including the semivowel w; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.

References

• Joseph Laurent, New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues (1884)
• 1994, Gordon M. Day, Western Abenaki Dictionary, volumes 1 and 2

Hungarian

Etymology

-a- ‎(“linking vowel”) +‎ -k ‎(“plural suffix”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɒk]

Suffix

-ak

1. (plural suffix) -s, -es

   ház ‎(“house”) → házak ‎(“houses”)

   piros ‎(“red”) → Az almák pirosak. - The apples are red.

Usage notes

• (plural suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  nő ‎(“woman”) →‎ nők ‎(“women”)

  fa ‎(“tree”) →‎ fák ‎(“trees”)

  csésze ‎(“cup”) →‎ csészék ‎(“cups”)

  -ak is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  ház ‎(“house”) →‎ házak ‎(“houses”)

  -ok is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  pad ‎(“bench”) →‎ padok ‎(“benches”)

  -ek is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  kert ‎(“garden”) →‎ kertek ‎(“gardens”)

  -ök is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  circle →‎ körök ‎(“circles”)

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Polish

Suffix

-ak m

1. used to form demonyms

   e.g. warszawiak, krakowiak, poznaniak

2. used to form various nouns, many of them colloquial

   e.g. spacerniak, miedziak, buziak, prostak, pijak

3. used to form names of dances and sports

   e.g. szczypiorniak, kujawiak, krakowiak

Usage notes

This suffix usually softens the preceding consonant, causing an i to be added.

Declension

Personal declension (e.g. demonyms):

Animate declension (e.g. dances, sports, some colloquial nouns):

Inanimate declension (some colloquial nouns):

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

Suffix

-ak ‎(Cyrillic spelling -ак)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.

See also

• -jak
• -njak

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

Suffix

-ak ‎(Cyrillic spelling -ак)

1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

   • glad ‎(“to smooth”) + -ak → gladak ‎(“smooth”).
   • ljub ‎(“to love”) + -ak → ljubak ‎(“amiable”).
   • Proto-Slavic *plyti + -ak → plitak ‎(“shallow”).

See also

• -ek
• -ok