German

Suffix

-de

1. used to form abstract nouns from adjectives, no longer productive

   gemein ‎(“common”) + ‎-de → ‎Gemeinde ‎(“community”)

Derived terms

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɛ]

Suffix

-de

1. (noun suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun indicating the place of the action.

   zene ‎(“music”) → zenede ‎(“school of music”)

Declension

Usage notes

• (noun suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -da is added to back vowel words

  -de is added to front vowel words

  -oda same as -da with a linking vowel

  -öde same as -de with a linking vowel

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Low German

Etymology

From Middle Low German -ede, from Old Saxon -itha, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō. Cognate with Dutch -te, English -th.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/

Suffix

-de

1. appended to an adjective, it makes a feminine noun referring to the size of the quality referred to by the adjective, cognate to -th.

   hooch + ‎-de → ‎Hööchde

   deep + ‎-de → ‎Deepde

   eng + ‎-de → ‎Engde

   lang ‎(“long”) + ‎-de → ‎Längde ‎(“length”)

2. appended to the stem of a verb, yields a feminine noun which refers to the object of such a verb.

   schamen + ‎-de → ‎Schaamde

   bögen + ‎-de → ‎Böögde

Derived terms

Usage notes

The use of the suffix is widespread in Northern Germany, however, some Low German varieties show a partial or complete suppression of the suffix. Most words listed above can also be found without the suffix, though this varies depending on the person speaking and the word. For example, Süükde is more often found as Süük with no suffix, than the original form with suffix. Hööchde can be found as Hööchd and Leevde as Leevd, with loss of the final -e. Though this process exists, the forms in -de remain largely prominent, with the notable exception of the following words: Süükde → Süük, Stillde → Still, Mengde → Meng, Stärkde → both Stärkde and Stärkd. Some words show only a form in -t, which is basically derived from the -de suffix. Examples of such words are Grött ‎(“size”) and Hitt ‎(“heat”).

Related terms

• -te
• -t

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• -dae
• -da
• -ide
• -ta

Suffix

-de

1. Used to form adjectives from nouns, denoting quality, kind, origin or material.

Derived terms

References

• Rudolf Thurneysen, A Grammar of Old Irish (Dublin, 1946), §347

Swedish

Alternative forms

• -te

Suffix

-de

1. Suffix to form preterite tense, active voice, indicative mood (~past tense) of weakly inflected verbs. If the stem ends in a unvoiced consonant, the suffix instead is -te

   att blåsa ‎(“to blow”) + ‎-de → ‎blåste ‎(“blew”)

   att simma ‎(“to swim”) + ‎-de → ‎simmade ‎(“swam”)

2. Suffix to form the past participle of weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with a noun in definite or plural form.

See also

• -t
• -d

Turkish

Suffix

-de

1. Used to form locative of nouns.

   köy ‎(“village”) + ‎-de → ‎köyde ‎(“in/at village”)

Usage notes

• It’s used when the noun’s last vowel is a front vowel.
• It could be “-da”, when the noun’s last vowel is a back vowel.

  okul → okulda

• It could be “-te”, when the noun’s last consonant is “f”, “s”, “t”, “k”, “ç”, “ş”, “h” or “p”.

  ofis → ofiste

• It must be used with an apostrophe while forming a proper noun.

  Türkiye → Türkiye’de