English

Suffix

-t

1. Forms the past tense and/or past participle of some verbs (leapt, kept, dreamt, etc)

Usage notes

Some verbs have both an -ed and a -t form. The -t form has become obsolete for many verbs, e.g. toucht.

Derived terms

Related terms

• -ed

Etymology 2

Probably resulting from -s + the, or various other words beginning with th-, t-.

Suffix

-t

1. An excrescent ending appended to words suffixed with -s.

   against, amidst, amongst, betwixt, whilst

Usage notes

As with -st, when there is a shorter synonymous word (as in between/betwixt), the form with -t is generally considered more formal, old-fashioned, affected, and British.

Derived terms

• -st

Danish

Suffix

-t

1. Used to form adverbs from adjectives; -ly.
2. Used to make neuter forms of adjectives.
3. Used to make definite singular forms of neuter nouns ending with an unstressed e (may be analyzed as -et).
4. Used to form past participles of some verbs, like -et does.

   spis, spise, spiser, spiste, spist

   eat!, eat, eats, ate, eaten

Dutch

Suffix

-t

1. forms the second and third person singular of the present tense

   redden - jij redt, hij redt

2. forms the gij - form in both present and past tense

   breken - gij breekt - gij braakt

3. (archaic) forms the plural form of the imperative

   staken - staakt!

4. forms the past participle of weak verbs the root of which ends in a voiceless consonant

   bedanken - bedankt

5. forms certain verbal nouns, mostly of strong verbs

   geven - gift

Egyptian

Suffix

1. Used to form feminine singular forms of nouns and adjectives

Finnish

Suffix

-t

1. (case suffix) Forms the nominative plural.

   • kissa → kissat ‎(“cats”)

2. (case suffix) Forms the accusative forms of the personal pronouns and the interrogative pronoun ken.

   • minut ‎(“me”)
   • kenet? ‎(“who(m)?”)

Usage notes

• Suffixed to the genitive singular stem. The accusative plural is identical with the nominative plural and is used for certain direct objects.
• The personal pronouns and ken have this ending in the accusative; they are the only words that have different genitive and accusative singular forms.

See also

• -n

Suffix

-t

1. (personal) Forms the second person singular of verbs.

Usage notes

Suffixed to the same stem as the first person singular suffix both in the present and the past tense.

External links

• Wikipedia article on Finnish grammar

See also

• -n
• -mme
• -tte
• -vat / -vät

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t]

Suffix

-t

1. (accusative suffix) Used to form the accusative case.

   külföldi ‎(“foreigner”) → Sok külföldit láttam a városban. ‎(“I saw many foreigners in the city.”)

   óra ‎(“clock, watch, hour”) → Vettem egy órát. ‎(“I bought a watch.”)

   ember ‎(“human”) → Sok embert láttunk. ‎(“We saw many people.”)

   kettő ‎(“two”) → Hány könyvet vettél? - Kettőt. ‎(“How many books did you buy? - Two.”)

2. (locative suffix, archaic) Added to a noun or an adjective to form the locative case.

   Kaposvár ‎(“Kaposvár, Hungarian town”) → Kaposvárt ‎(“in Kaposvár”)

   köz ‎(“gap”) → közt ‎(“between, among”)

3. (past tense suffix) -ed, -t. Used to form the past tense of a verb.

   él ‎(“to live”) → élt ‎(“lived”)

   Kínában élt 10 évig - He lived in China for 10 years.

4. (past participle suffix) -ed, -t. Used to form the past participle of a verb.

   zár ‎(“to close”) → zárt ‎(“closed”)

   Zárt ajtók mögött tanácskoztak. - They discussed behind closed doors.

5. (causative suffix) The causative suffix for verbs.

   terem ‎(“to come into existence”) → teremt ‎(“to create”)

6. (noun suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun.

   lesz ‎(“to become something”) → lét ‎(“existence, life”)

   tesz ‎(“to make, do, place”) → tét ‎(“bet”)

Usage notes

• (accusative suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:

  -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.

  -ot is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -at is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -et is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öt is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (locative suffix) Locative is used today only with some place names as an alternative to the inessive and superessive cases. The locative case is also to be found in short basic words like közt ‎(“between, among”), from köz ‎(“gap”).

• (past participle and past tense suffix) Variants:

  -t

  -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)

  -ott is added to back vowel verbs

  -ett is added to unrounded front vowel verbs

  -ött is added to rounded front vowel verbs

See also

• (causative): -at, -et, -tat, -tet, -aszt, -eszt, -öszt
• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Manx

Suffix

-t

1. Alternative form of -it

Northern Sami

Etymology 1

Suffix

-t ‎(with odd-syllable stems -it)

1. Forms adverbs of manner from adjectives.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable. When affixed to stems ending in -i and -u, there are two possible alternative forms. In the first, the suffix added with no change, while in the second, the final vowel lowered to e and o respectively and diphthong simplification is performed on the preceding syllable.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Samic *-tē ‎(partitive/ablative).

Suffix

-t

1. Forms adverbs of time.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Proto-Samic *-mpē.

Suffix

-t ‎(with odd-syllable stems -it or -eabbo)

1. Forms the comparative of adjectives.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• See Category:Northern Sami adjective comparative forms

Etymology 4

From Proto-Samic *-ntë. Cognate with Finnish -s.

Suffix

-t

1. Forms ordinal numbers from cardinals.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Derived terms

• See Category:Northern Sami ordinal numbers

Etymology 5

From Proto-Samic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-t. Cognate with Finnish -t.

Suffix

-t

1. The ending of the nominative plural.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Etymology 6

From Proto-Samic *-tēk. Cognate with Finnish -a, -da.

Suffix

-t

1. The ending of the infinitive.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Pipil

Suffix

-t

1. Plural verb suffix.

   Titakwikat

   We sing

2. Nominal absolutive suffix.

   *siwa- → siwat

   *tutu- → tutut

Usage notes

• The nominal absolutive suffix -t is a truncated form of -ti used for vowel-ending stems.
• Opposed to absolutive suffixes, construct suffixes used are -w (for vowel-ending stems), -(zero) (for consonant-ending stems) and -yu ("inalienable possession" marker)

Swedish

Suffix

-t

1. Suffix to create the definite singular form of neuter nouns ending in an unstressed vowel: hjärta ‎(“heart”) → hjärtat ‎(“the heart”)
2. Suffix for creating adverbs out of adjectives: långsam ‎(“slow”) → långsamt ‎(“slowly”)
3. Suffix used on the positive form of adjectives to denote that the corresponding noun is of neuter gender, indefinite form: en gul bil ‎(“a yellow car”) → ett gult hus ‎(“a yellow house”), the latter being neuter. However, the -a suffix is used for definite form independent of gender: den gula bilen ‎(“the yellow car”) → det gula huset ‎(“the yellow house”).
4. Suffix to form the past participle of weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with a neuter noun in indefinite singular form.
5. Suffix for forming supine of verbs of the first (ar-verbs) and second (weak er-verbs) conjugations; see also -it and -tt