English

Suffix

-n

1. Alternative form of -an, adjective suffix meaning "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a.

   Java : Javan, Burma : Burman, Minnesota : Minnesotan (see also Russia : Russian)

Chuukese

Suffix

-n

1. Alternative form of -en

Esperanto

Etymology

From Ancient Greek -ν ‎(-n).

Suffix

-n

1. accusative ending
2. ending indicating destination: In the direction of, and arriving at

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-n ‎(“genitive suffix”).

Suffix

-n

1. Used to form the genitive case.

   tytön takki "a girl's coat"

   poikani takki "the coat of my son"

Usage notes

• When possessive suffixes are used, the genitive doesn't have its suffix -n. The possessive suffixes are appended to a vowel stem instead, thus often rendering the nominative and genitive singular identical.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-m ‎(“accusative suffix”).

Suffix

-n

1. Used to form the accusative case.

   • Näin tytön.
     • I saw a/the girl.
   • Tapasin poikani eilen.
     • I met my son yesterday.

Usage notes

• The genitive singular and accusative singular look coincidentally identical in Finnish. The object of an transitive verb may look also like the nominative but it's still called the accusative in traditional grammars. There's also the partial object, which uses the partitive case. For the accusative forms of personal pronouns and the interrogative pronoun ken, see -t.

Etymology 3

Suffix

-n

1. Used to form the instructive case, usually only in the plural.

   Pääsin ojan yli kuivin jaloin "I could cross the ditch with dry feet."

Usage notes

• The only occasion where this suffix is used with a possessive suffix — without being to be translated — is the idiom käydä päinsä "to be acceptable" (the plural stem päi- of the noun pää and the suffix -nsä).

Etymology 4

• From the Uralic first-person singular suffix *-mV, probably connected with the first person pronoun *mV; see eg. Finnish minä.

Suffix

-n

1. (personal) The first-person singular suffix for verbs:

   • lukea -> luen "I read/am reading"
   • kadottaa -> kadotin "I lost (an item)"
   • tulla -> en tule "I won't come/I'm not coming" (to express negation, the suffix is in the negation verb instead of the main verb)

See also

• -t
• -mme
• -tte
• -vat

External links

• Wikipedia article on Finnish grammar

Hungarian

Suffix

-n

1. (adverbial suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.

   ritka ‎(“rare”) → ritkán ‎(“rarely”)

2. (case suffix) on. Used to form the superessive case.

   hajó ‎(“ship”) → a hajón ‎(“on the ship”)

Usage notes

• (adverbial suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -an is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (case suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -on is added to back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -en is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ön is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

See also

• Category:Hungarian words taking -n/-on/-en/-ön
• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto -n, from German -en, Greek -ν ‎(-n).

Suffix

-n

1. suffix forming accusative

Usage notes

The accusative ending in Ido is only required if the speaker breaks the subject–verb–object word order in Ido, one can not use the accusative ending if the word order is followed. E.g.

• La hundo chasas la skurelo.‎ ― The dog chases the squirrel.
• La skurelon chasas la hundo.‎ ― The dog chases the squirrel.

Northern Sami

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *-mē, from Proto-Uralic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-n ‎(with odd-syllable stems -eapmi)

1. Forms verbal nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Samic *-një.

Suffix

-n

1. Forms instrument nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Proto-Samic *-nē, from Proto-Uralic *-na. Cognate with Finnish -na.

Suffix

-n

1. The ending of the essive case.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Samic *-më. Cognate with the first element of the Finnish fourth infinitive -mi-nen ~ -mi-se-.

Suffix

-n

1. The ending of the past participle.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Pitjantjatjara

Pronoun

-n ‎(second person singular nominative, bound form of nyuntu)

1. you (singular)

Usage notes

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.

Related terms

Quechua

Suffix

-n

1. Indicates third-person singular possessive.

   wasi ‎(“house”) → wasin ‎(“his/her/its house”)

2. Third-person singular subject.

   rimay ‎(“to speak”) → pay riman ‎(“he/she/it speaks”)

3. Alternative spelling of -m

See also

• -nku

Somali

Suffix

-n

1. Added to nouns to denote a specific or particular example

Swedish

Suffix

-n

1. Suffix for singular definite form of common nouns, especially those ending with a vowel or with an unstressed -el, -er or -or. See also -en
2. Suffix for plural indefinite form of neuter nouns, if they end in a vowel. See also -t, -en.
3. A version of the -en of the fourth conjugation past participles. This allomorph is used only before the suffix -a, which marks for plural or definiteness. The -na of these participle forms may also be seen described as one morpheme.
4. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an

Zazaki

Suffix

-n

1. Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an