Hungarian

Suffix

-ül

1. (verb suffix) Added to an adjective to form a verb. It is similar to -edik.

   zöld ‎(“green”) → zöldül ‎(“to become (more) green”)

   szép ‎(“beautiful”) → szépül ‎(“to become (more) beautiful”)

2. (case suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb (the modal sense of the essive-modal case).

   feltétlen ‎(“unconditional, definite”) → feltétlenül ‎(“unconditionally, definitely”)

   török ‎(“Turkish”) → törökül ‎(“in Turkish”)

3. (case suffix) as, with the intention of (the essive sense of the the essive-modal case)

   vég ‎(“end”) → végül ‎(“finally, as an end”)

Usage notes

• (verb suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -ul is added to back vowel words. Final vowel is dropped.

  -ül is added to front vowel words. Final vowel is dropped.

  gyenge ‎(“weak”) → gyengül ‎(“to weaken”)

• (case case) Harmonic variants:

  -ul is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  -ül is added to front vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [yl]

Suffix

-ül

1. offspring, young (of an animal)
2. Hypocoristic or used to denote affection for the noun.

Usage notes

• In many languages, the diminutive form of a word can also be used to denote not (just) littleness but (also) affection or intimacy (for the word's referent), whereas in Volapük this secondary meaning of the diminutive is split off, since Volapük attempts, somewhat like Lojban, to avoid polysemy.

Derived terms