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Webster 1913 Edition

Rough

Rough

,
Adj.
[
Com
par.
Rougher
;
sup
erl.
Roughest
.]
[OE.
rou[GREEK]
,
rou
,
row
,
rugh
,
ruh
, AS.
r[GREEK]h
; akin to LG.
rug
, D.
rug
, D.
ruig
,
ruw
, OHG.
r[GREEK]h
, G.
rauh
,
rauch
; cf. Lith.
raukas
wrinkle,
rukti
to wrinkle. √ 18. Cf.
Rug
,
Noun.
]
1.
Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain;
as, a
rough
board; a
rough
stone;
rough
cloth
.
Specifically:
(a)
Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; – said of a piece of land, or of a road.
“Rough, uneven ways.”
Shak.
(b)
Not polished; uncut; – said of a gem;
as, a
rough
diamond
.
(c)
Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; – said of a sea or other piece of water.
More unequal than the
roughest
sea.
T. Burnet.
(d)
Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; – said of dress, appearance, or the like;
as, a
rough
coat
.
“A visage rough.”
Dryden.
“Roughsatyrs.”
Milton.
2.
Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish.
Specifically:
(a)
Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil;
as, a
rough
temper
.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and
rough
.
Shakespeare
A surly boatman,
rough
as wayes or winds.
Prior.
(b)
Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard;
as,
rough
measures or actions
.
On the
rough
edge of battle.
Milton.
A quicker and
rougher
remedy.
Clarendon.
Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which
rough
and imperious usage often produces.
Locke.
(c)
Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; – said of sound, voice, and the like;
as, a
rough
tone;
rough
numbers
.
Pope.
(d)
Austere; harsh to the taste;
as,
rough
wine
.
(e)
Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy;
as,
rough
weather; a
rough
day
.
He stayeth his
rough
wind.
Isa. xxvii. 8.
Time and the hour runs through the
roughest
day.
Shakespeare
(f)
Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete;
as, a
rough
estimate; a
rough
draught
.
Rough diamond
,
an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior.
–
Rough and ready
.
(a)
Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency
. “The rough and ready understanding.”
Lowell.

(b)
Produced offhand.
“Some rough and ready theory.”
Tylor.

Rough

,
Noun.
1.
Boisterous weather.
[Obs.]
Fletcher.
2.
A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
In the rough
,
in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished;
as, a diamond or a sketch
in the rough
.
Contemplating the people
in the rough
.
Mrs. Browning.

Rough

,
adv.
In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Sleeping
rough
on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats.
Sir W. Scott.

Rough

,
Verb.
T.
1.
To render rough; to roughen.
2.
To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes.
Crabb.
3.
To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; – with out;
as, to
rough
out a carving, a sketch
.
Roughing rolls
,
rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars.
–
To rough it
,
to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.

Webster 1828 Edition

Rough

ROUGH

,
Adj.
[L. raucus. Eng. rye, that is rough. L. ruga, a wrinkle. Gr. to snore. L. ruga, a wrinkle, a ridge. See Ridge. The primary sense is to stretch or strain; but applied to roughness or wrinkling, it is to draw or contract, a straining together.]
1.
Having inequalities, small ridges or points on the surface; not smooth or plane; as a rough board, a rough stone; rough cloth.
2.
Stony; abounding with stones and stumps; as rough land; or simply with stones; as a rough road.
3.
Not wrought or polished; as a rough diamond.
4.
Thrown into huge waves; violently agitated; as a rough sea.
5.
Tempestuous; stormy; boisterous; as rough weather.
6.
Austere to the taste; harsh; as rough wine.
7.
Harsh to the ear; grating; jarring; unharmonious; as rough sounds; rough numbers.
8.
Rugged of temper; severe; austere; rude; not mild or courteous.
A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.
9.
Coarse in manners; rude.
A surly boatman, rough as seas and wind.
10.
Harsh; violent; not easy; as a rough remedy.
11.
Hard featured; not delicate; as a rough visage.
12.
Harsh; severe; uncivil; as rough usage.
13.
Terrible; dreadful.
On the rough edge of battle, ere it join'd, Satan advanc'd.
14.
Rugged; disordered in appearance; coarse.
Rough from the tossing surge Ulysses moves.
15.
Hairy; shaggy; covered with hairs, bristles and the like.

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