German

Noun

Spiritus m ‎(genitive Spiritus, plural Spiritusse)

1. alcohol
2. aspiration, puff, whiff
3. breath

Declension

Dutch

Noun

spiritus m ‎(plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n)

1. methylated spirit
2. (orthography) A kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis.

Synonyms

• (methylated spirit): brandspiritus

Latin

Etymology

From spirō ‎(“I breathe, I respire; I live”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspiː.ri.tus/

Noun

spīritus m ‎(genitive spīritūs); fourth declension

1. breath, breathing
   • Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, 1833, p.595:

     Spiritus sunt duo dasia et psile.

2. light breeze
3. spirit, ghost
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2

     terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas

     And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.

4. energy
5. pride, arrogance

Inflection

Fourth declension.

Synonyms

• (breath, breathing): spīrātiō

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

• spiritus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• spiritus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• SPIRITUS in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Félix Gaffiot (1934), “spiritus”, in Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Paris: Hachette.
• Meissner, Carl; Auden, Henry William (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
    
  • to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
    
  • to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
    
  • inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
    
  • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    
  • to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
    
  • patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
    
  • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    
  • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)