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Definition 2024
incarcérer
incarcérer
French
Verb
incarcérer
- (transitive) To incarcerate
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written incarcérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written incarcèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
Conjugation of incarcérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | incarcérer | avoir incarcéré | |||||
| gerund | en incarcérant | en ayant incarcéré | |||||
| present participle | incarcérant /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɑ̃/ |
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| past participle | incarcéré /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁe/ |
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| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | incarcère /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
incarcères /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
incarcère /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
incarcérons /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɔ̃/ |
incarcérez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁe/ |
incarcèrent /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
| imperfect | incarcérais /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɛ/ |
incarcérais /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɛ/ |
incarcérait /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɛ/ |
incarcérions /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁjɔ̃/ |
incarcériez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁje/ |
incarcéraient /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɛ/ |
|
| past historic1 | incarcérai /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁe/ |
incarcéras /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁa/ |
incarcéra /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁa/ |
incarcérâmes /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁam/ |
incarcérâtes /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁat/ |
incarcérèrent /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɛʁ/ |
|
| future | incarcèrerai or incarcérerai /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
incarcèreras or incarcéreras /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
incarcèrera or incarcérera /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ |
incarcèrerons or incarcérerons /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
incarcèrerez or incarcérerez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ |
incarcèreront or incarcéreront /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
|
| conditional | incarcèrerais or incarcérerais /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
incarcèrerais or incarcérerais /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
incarcèrerait or incarcérerait /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
incarcèrerions or incarcérerions /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
incarcèreriez or incarcéreriez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ |
incarcèreraient or incarcéreraient /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
|
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | incarcère /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
incarcères /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
incarcère /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
incarcérions /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁjɔ̃/ |
incarcériez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁje/ |
incarcèrent /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
| imperfect1 |
incarcérasse /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁas/ |
incarcérasses /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁas/ |
incarcérât /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁa/ |
incarcérassions /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
incarcérassiez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁa.sje/ |
incarcérassent /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁas/ |
|
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | incarcère /ɛ̃.kaʁ.sɛʁ/ |
— | incarcérons /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁɔ̃/ |
incarcérez /ɛ̃.kaʁ.se.ʁe/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||