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Definition 2025
surmener
surmener
French
Verb
surmener
- to overwork
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il surmène rather than *il surmene. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of surmener (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | surmener | être surmené | |||||
| gerund | en surmenant | en étant surmené | |||||
| present participle | surmenant /syʁ.mə.nɑ̃/ |
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| past participle | surmené /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
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| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmènes /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmenons /syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/ |
surmenez /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
surmènent /syʁ.mɛn/ |
| imperfect | surmenais /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
surmenais /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
surmenait /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
surmenions /syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/ |
surmeniez /syʁ.mə.nje/ |
surmenaient /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
|
| past historic1 | surmenai /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
surmenas /syʁ.mə.na/ |
surmena /syʁ.mə.na/ |
surmenâmes /syʁ.mə.nam/ |
surmenâtes /syʁ.mə.nat/ |
surmenèrent /syʁ.mə.nɛʁ/ |
|
| future | surmènerai /syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/ |
surmèneras /syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/ |
surmènera /syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/ |
surmènerons /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
surmènerez /syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/ |
surmèneront /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
|
| conditional | surmènerais /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
surmènerais /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
surmènerait /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
surmènerions /syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surmèneriez /syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁje/ |
surmèneraient /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
|
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of être followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmènes /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmenions /syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/ |
surmeniez /syʁ.mə.nje/ |
surmènent /syʁ.mɛn/ |
| imperfect1 |
surmenasse /syʁ.mə.nas/ |
surmenasses /syʁ.mə.nas/ |
surmenât /syʁ.mə.na/ |
surmenassions /syʁ.mə.na.sjɔ̃/ |
surmenassiez /syʁ.mə.na.sje/ |
surmenassent /syʁ.mə.nas/ |
|
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of être followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of être followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
— | surmenons /syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/ |
surmenez /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||