Danish

Noun

zars c

1. genitive singular indefinite of zar

Latvian

Koku zari

Grābekļa zari

Ķemmes zari

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *žer-, *žar-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- ‎(“to beam, to shine, to glitter”), apparently from an older meaning “beam, branch” (compare *gʰer- ‎(“to have protrusions”)) conserved in Latvian. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal žarà, žãras ‎(“branch, stem, trunk”), Old Prussian sari ‎([zari], “heat”), Old Church Slavonic заря ‎(zarja), зоря ‎(zarja, zorja, “dawn, dusk”), Russian заря ‎(zarja), зоря ‎(zarjá, zorjá), dialectal also “flower, grass, plant,” Bulgarian зора ‎(zora), заря ‎(zorá, zarjá), Czech zaře, zoře, zora, Polish zorza, archaic zarza.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [zāɾs]

Noun

zars m (1st declension)

1. branch, twig, spray (part of a plant that grows from the stem or trunk and usually connects it with the leaves; this part together with its leaves and flowers)

   ozola, bērza, palmas zars‎ ― oak, birch, palm branch

   priežu zari‎ ― pine branches

   zaļš egles zars‎ ― green spruce branch

   ziedošs ceriņa zars‎ ― flowering spray of lilac

   kupls zars‎ ― leafy, leaf-covered branch

   kaili zari‎ ― naked (i.e., leafless) branches

   aizdedzināt kadiķa zaru‎ ― to burn a juniper twig

   mest zarus ugunskurā‎ ― to throw branches in the fire

   putns uzmetas uz zara‎ ― a bird alighted on a branch

   lapas birst no koku zariem‎ ― leaves fall off tree branches

   izzāģēt kokiem sausos zarus‎ ― to cut a tree's dry branches off

2. tine, prong, teeth (pointed branching elements in a tool)

   grābekļa, dakšu zari‎ ― rake, fork tines, prongs

   ķemmes zari‎ ― comb teeth

   izlauzt, ielikt grābeklim zaru‎ ― to break, to set a rake tine

3. branch (longitudinally branching part of a whole)

   viens Daugavas zars‎ ― one branch of the Daugava (river)

   Valdgales stacijā sliežu ceļš sadalās trijos zaros‎ ― at Valdagle station the train tracks split off in three branches

4. branch (subgroup, split-off group)

   protestanti dalījās trīs galvenajos zaros: luterāņos, kalvinistos un anglikāņos‎ ― the Protestants split into three major branches: Lutherans, Calvinists and Anglicans

5. branch (part of a family tree)

   straumēnu radniecības koks bija liels, un visos apkārtējos pagastos iespiedās tā zari‎ ― the Straumens family tree was big, its branches pushed into all the surrounding parishes

Declension

References

1. ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “zars”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7