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Definition 2024


שבת

שבת

Aramaic

Verb

שְׁבַת (sh'vat)

  1. rest; observe the Sabbath

Noun

שבת (transliteration needed)

  1. singular construct state of שבתא

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׁ־ב־ת

From the root שׁ־ב־ת (sh-b-t), forming words related to rest. Recent research suggests Akkadian [script needed] (šapattu, the middle day of the month) as a possible ultimate origin.

Pronunciation

Noun

שַׁבָּת (shabát) f (plural indefinite שַׁבָּתוֹת)

  1. Shabbat, Sabbath; weekly day of rest
    • בראשית רבה, יז ה
      רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר יִצְחָק אָמַר: ג׳ נוֹבְלוֹת הֵן: נוֹבֶלֶת מִיתָה שֵׁינָה, נוֹבֶלֶת נְבוּאָה חֲלוֹם, נוֹבֶלֶת הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא שַׁבָּת.
  2. Saturday
  3. (archaic) week (Mishnaic Hebrew)

Verb

שָׁבַת (shavát) (pa'al construction, future ישבות \ יִשְׁבֹּת)

  1. to stop working, to rest
    • Genesis 2:2-3, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וַיְכַל אֱלֹהִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃ וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים לַעֲשׂוֹת׃
      vay'khál 'elohím bayóm hash'vi'í m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá vayishbót bayóm hash'vi'í mikol-m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá. vay'várekh 'elohím 'et-yóm hash'vi'í vay'kadésh 'otó kí vó shavát mikol-m'lakhtó 'asher-bará 'elohím la'asót.
      wayəḵal ʾĕlōhīm bayyōm haššəḇīʿī məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā wayyišbōṯ bayyōm haššəḇīʿī mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā. wayəḇā́reḵ ʾĕlōhīm ʾeṯ-yōm haššəḇīʿī wayəqaddēš ʾōṯō kī ḇō šāḇaṯ mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer-bārā ʾĕlōhīm laʿăśōṯ.
      And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made.
  2. to go on strike
Descendants

Etymology 2

Root
י־שׁ־ב

Verb

שֶׁבֶת (shévet)

  1. Bare infinitive (infinitive construct or gerund) of יָשַׁב (yasháv)

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈʃa.bəs]

Noun

שבת (shabes) m, plural שבתים (shabosem)

  1. Saturday
  2. Sabbath, Shabbat

Derived terms

See also