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Definition 2025
健
健
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Translingual
Han character
健 (radical 9 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人弓大手 (ONKQ), four-corner 25240, composition ⿰亻建)
References
- KangXi: page 111, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 875
- Dae Jaweon: page 237, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 184, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5065
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
健 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 徤 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 健 | |
|---|---|
| |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
| Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 犍 | *ɡran, *kan |
| 騝 | *ɡran, *kan |
| 鍵 | *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ |
| 揵 | *ɡran, *kanʔ |
| 鞬 | *kan |
| 腱 | *kan, *ɡans |
| 湕 | *kanʔ |
| 建 | *kans |
| 旔 | *kans |
| 楗 | *ɡanʔ |
| 健 | *ɡans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡans) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gin6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khien / khian
- Min Dong (BUC): giâng / giông
- Min Nan (POJ): kiāⁿ / kiān
- Wu (Wiktionary): jji (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: chien4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: gin6
- Yale: gihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin6
- IPA (key): /kiːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
- Hakka Romanization System: kien
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian4
- IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
- Hakka Romanization System: kian
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian4
- IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giâng / giông
- IPA (key): /kiɑŋ²⁴²/, /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
- Note: giâng - vernacular; giông - literary.
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiāⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kiānn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvia
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiã⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiã³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiã²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiān
- Tâi-lô: kiān
- Phofsit Daibuun: kien
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn²²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²²/
- Note: kiāⁿ - vernacular; kiān - literary.
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jji (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̥͡ʑi²³/
- (Shanghainese)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 健 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕian⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕiã²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕian³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕiã²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕian¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕian²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕian¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕian²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕi³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /d͡ʑi²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰie²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰian⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰien⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kin²²/ |
| Nanning | /kin²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kin²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) |
/kian²²/ /kiã²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kyɔŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kyiŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) |
/kiaŋ³⁵/ /kiã³¹/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /kin³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 健 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 渠建切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡɨɐnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɡiɐnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiɐnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/gɨanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɡiɐnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɡĭɐnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/gɨ̯ɐnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jiàn |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 健 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6224 |
| Phonetic component |
建 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
健 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡans/ |
Definitions
健
- strong; robust; vigorous
- healthy; in good health
- 健康 ― jiànkāng ― health; healthy; sound
- adeptly; energetically
- A surname.
Compounds
Derived terms from 健
Japanese
Kanji
健
Readings
- Goon: ごん (gon) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: けん (ken)
- Kun: すこやか (sukoyaka), たけし (takeshi), したたか (shitataka)
Compounds
Proper noun
- A male given name
健 (hiragana たけし, romaji Takeshi)
- A male given name
Korean
Hanja
健 • (geon, gyeon) (hangeul 건, 견, revised geon, gyeon, McCune-Reischauer kŏn, kyŏn)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
健 (kiện, kẹn, lương)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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