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Definition 2024

儉

儉

儉 U+5109, 儉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5109
← 儈
[U+5108] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 儊 →
[U+510A]
See also: 俭

Translingual

Traditional 儉
Shinjitai 倹
Simplified 俭

Han character

儉 (radical 9 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人人一人 (OOMO), four-corner 28286, composition ⿰亻僉)

  1. temperate, frugal, economical

References

  • KangXi: page 119, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 226, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5109

Chinese

trad. 儉
simp. 俭

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 儉
Large seal script Small seal script
Large seal script

L35511

L18813

L18814

L18815

L18816

L18817

L18818
Small seal script

s05807
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
厱 *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛 *qʰlaːm
臉 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼 *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳 *ɡ·ram
獫 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢 *ɡ·ram
斂 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿 *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷 *ɡ·ramʔ
殮 *ɡ·rams
簽 *skʰlam
僉 *skʰlam
憸 *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣 *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢 *kramʔ
瞼 *kramʔ
儉 *ɡramʔ
顩 *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐 *ŋramʔ
嶮 *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞 *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗 *ŋrams
險 *qʰramʔ
劒 *kams
劍 *kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 儉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 巨險切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚiɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjiamX/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjɛmX/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭɛmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 儉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjemX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/
English restrict, frugal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 儉
Reading # 1/1
No. 10213
Phonetic
component		 僉
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 儉
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡramʔ/

Definitions

儉

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 乞窮儉相／乞穷俭相
  • 儉嗇／俭啬
  • 儉月／俭月
  • 儉樸／俭朴
  • 儉省／俭省 (jiǎnshěng)
  • 儉約／俭约 (jiǎnyuē)
  • 儉素／俭素
  • 儉腹／俭腹
  • 儉色／俭色
  • 儉薄／俭薄
  • 儉觳／俭觳
  • 克儉克勤／克俭克勤
  • 克勤克儉／克勤克俭
  • 勤儉／勤俭 (qínjiǎn)
  • 崇節尚儉／崇节尚俭
  • 恭儉／恭俭
  • 恭儉靜一／恭俭静一
  • 毌丘儉／毌丘俭
  • 水儉／水俭
  • 田豫儉素／田豫俭素
  • 省儉／省俭
  • 省喫儉用／省喫俭用
  • 禮奢寧儉／礼奢宁俭
  • 禮存寧儉／礼存宁俭
  • 節儉／节俭 (jiéjiǎn)
  • 節儉力行／节俭力行
  • 節儉躬行／节俭躬行
  • 自奉甚儉／自奉甚俭
  • 裴行儉／裴行俭
  • 躬行節儉／躬行节俭

Japanese

Kanji

儉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

儉 • ‎(geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune-Reischauer kŏm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

儉 (kiệm, cợm, hiếm, thiếu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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