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Definition 2024

險

險

See also: 险 and 険

Translingual

Traditional 險
Shinjitai 険
Simplified 险

Han character

險 (radical 170 阜+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一人 (NLOMO), four-corner 78286, composition ⿰阝僉)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 1361, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41874
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1865, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4160, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+96AA

Chinese

trad. 險
simp. 险

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 險
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
厱 *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛 *qʰlaːm
臉 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼 *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳 *ɡ·ram
獫 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢 *ɡ·ram
斂 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿 *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷 *ɡ·ramʔ
殮 *ɡ·rams
簽 *skʰlam
僉 *skʰlam
憸 *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣 *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢 *kramʔ
瞼 *kramʔ
儉 *ɡramʔ
顩 *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐 *ŋramʔ
嶮 *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞 *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗 *ŋrams
險 *qʰramʔ
劒 *kams
劍 *kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰramʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 僉 ‎(OC *skʰlam).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 險
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɕian²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕian¹³/
Jinan /ɕiã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁵³/
Xi'an /ɕiã⁵³/
Xining /ɕiã⁵³/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /ɕian⁵³/
Guiyang /ɕian⁴²/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ɕien²¹²/
Hefei /ɕiĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕie̞⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕie⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕi³⁵/
Suzhou /ɕiɪ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ɕiẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ɕi³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕie³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕiɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕiẽ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hiam³¹/
Taoyuan /hiɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /him³⁵/
Nanning /him³⁵/
Hong Kong /him³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hieŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hiam⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiam²¹³/
Rime
Character 險
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 虚檢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hˠiᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hᵚiɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hjiamX/
Li
Rong		 /xjɛmX/
Wang
Li		 /xĭɛmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiǎn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 險 險
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiǎn xiǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjæmX › ‹ xjemX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰr[a]mʔ/ /*qʰr[a]mʔ/
English precipitous, dangerous precipitous, dangerous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 險
Reading # 1/1
No. 10221
Phonetic
component		 僉
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 險
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰramʔ/

Definitions

險

  1. perilous; treacherous
  2. dangerous; hazardous
  3. danger; hazard; peril; risk
  4. narrow pass; treacherous place; strategic point
  5. steep; rugged
  6. almost; narrowly; nearly
    險些 / 险些  ―  xiǎnxiē  ―  nearly
  7. Short for 保險／保险 (bǎoxiǎn, “insurance”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

險

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 険)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

險 • ‎(heom) (hangeul 험, revised heom, McCune-Reischauer hŏm, Yale hem)

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Vietnamese

Han character

險 (hiểm, hẻm, hiếm, hĩm)

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