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Definition 2024


U+52E4, 勤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4

[U+52E3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+52E5]
See also:

Translingual

Han character

(radical 19 +11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 149, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 378, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E4

Chinese

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*krɯːn
*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns
*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
*ɡrɯns
*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
*kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
*kɯnʔ
*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
*ɡɯn
*ɡɯn
*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯn) : phonetic  (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic  (strong) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gɨn/
Li
Rong
/ɡiən/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qín
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qín
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjɨn ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ər/
English toil, diligent, devoted

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6749
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

  1. industrious, diligent, attentive

Compounds

  • 勤政愛民勤政爱民
  • 勤敏
  • 勤王
  • 勤練勤练
  • 勤能補拙勤能补拙
  • 勤苦
  • 勤行
  • 勤謹勤谨
  • 勤雜人員勤杂人员
  • 地勤
  • 執勤执勤 (zhíqín)
  • 外勤 (wàiqín)
  • 夜勤 (yèqín)
  • 將勤補拙将勤补拙
  • 專勤制度专勤制度
  • 後勤后勤 (hòuqín)
  • 恩勤
  • 懋勤殿
  • 打勤勞打勤劳
  • 打勤獻趣打勤献趣
  • 服勤
  • 查勤
  • 業精於勤业精于勤
  • 殷勤 (yīnqín)
  • 殷殷勤勤
  • 父母恩勤
  • 特勤
  • 獻勤献勤
  • 獻殷勤献殷勤
  • 矢勤矢勇
  • 空勤
  • 精勤
  • 缺勤 (quēqín)
  • 考勤
  • 耄勤
  • 耒耜之勤
  • 聯勤總部联勤总部
  • 調勤调勤
  • 警勤區警勤区
  • 警察勤務警察勤务
  • 辛勤 (xīnqín)
  • 通勤 (tōngqín)
  • 通勤圈
  • 電子通勤电子通勤
  • 顏勤禮碑颜勤礼碑

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character, , is the simplified form of .)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

  • 勤学
  • 勤苦
  • 勤倹
  • 勤倹尚武
  • 勤倹力行
  • 勤仕
  • 勤続
  • 勤惰
  • 勤怠
  • 勤王/勤皇
  • 勤王攘夷
  • 勤番
  • 勤勉
  • 勤務
  • 勤役
  • 勤労
  • 勤行
  • 勤求
  • 勤修

Proper noun

(hiragana つとむ, romaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

(geun) (hangeul , revised geun, McCune-Reischauer kŭn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(cần, cùn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.