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Definition 2024
塚
塚
Translingual
Alternative forms
- There are two Unicode z-variants, at code points U+585A and U+FA10
Han character
塚 (radical 32 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月一人 (GBMO), four-corner 47132, composition ⿰土冢)
References
- KangXi: page 236, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5345
- Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 476, character 7
- Unihan data for U+585A
- Unihan data for U+FA10
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
塚 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (豖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 冢 | *toŋʔ |
| 塚 | *toŋʔ |
| 涿 | *rtoːɡ |
| 琢 | *rtoːɡ |
| 啄 | *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ |
| 諑 | *rtoːɡ |
| 剢 | *toːɡ |
| 瘃 | *toɡ |
| 豖 | *tʰoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 (OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˇ
- Wade-Giles: chung3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joong
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cung2
- Yale: chúng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung2
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thióng
- Tâi-lô: thióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiorng
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 塚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 知隴切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʈɨoŋX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈioŋX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȶioŋX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈuawŋX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȶioŋX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȶĭwoŋX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȶi̯woŋX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhǒng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 塚 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1617 |
| Phonetic component |
豖 |
| Rime group |
東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
冢 |
| Old Chinese |
/*toŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 冢轉註俗字 |
Definitions
塚
- variant of 冢 (zhǒng)
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 塚 |
|
つか Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Cognate with Old Japanese verb 築く (tsuku, “to build up using earth and/or stone”).[1]
The /a/ ending may indicate that tsuka developed as the nominalization of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of the verb, suggesting an original meaning of "that which is being built up into an earthworks (but isn't finished yet)". The irrealis is also the root form for constructing the passive form of all Japanese verbs, so the original meaning might instead have been just the passive sense of "that which is built up into an earthworks".
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
塚 (hiragana つか, romaji tsuka)
Derived terms
Synonyms
References
- ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
Korean
Hanja
塚 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune-Reischauer ch'ong)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
塚 (trủng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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