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Definition 2024

塞

塞

Translingual

Han character

塞 (radical 32 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金土 (JTCG), four-corner 30104, composition ⿱𡨄土)

References

  • KangXi: page 236, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5349
  • Dae Jaweon: page 474, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 475, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+585E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 塞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 塞
Oracle bone script Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (塞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賽 *slɯːɡs
塞 *slɯːɡs, *slɯːɡ
簺 *slɯːɡs
僿 *hljɯɡs
寨 *zraːds, *slɯːɡ

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 ‎(“house”) + 工 ‎(“two items”) + 廾 ‎(“two hands”) – stuffing the house with items.

Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 𡨄 + 土 ‎(“soil”).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 塞
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sək̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sək̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sək̚/
Li
Rong		 /sək̚/
Wang
Li		 /sək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /sək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 se
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 塞
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]ˤək-s/
English pass (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 塞
Reading # 2/2
No. 10961
Phonetic
component		 塞
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 塞
Old
Chinese		 /*slɯːɡ/

Definitions

塞

  1. to stop up; to block up
  2. to stuff; to cram; to squeeze in
  3. to be blocked; to be jammed
  4. to forbid; to suppress; to prohibit
  5. to satisfy; to fulfil
  6. to compensate; to remedy
  7. to answer; to repay
  8. to manage to arrange a position for someone
  9. to practise bribe
  10. to evade; to stall
  11. stopper; cork
  12. to be in a difficult position; destitute
  13. honest; truthful

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 塞
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 先代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /səiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /səjH/
Li
Rong		 /sᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /sɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /sɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sài
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 塞
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]ˤək-s/
English frontier

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 塞
Reading # 1/2
No. 10958
Phonetic
component		 塞
Rime
group		 代
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 賽
Old
Chinese		 /*slɯːɡs/

Definitions

塞

  1. (historical) place of strategic importance; pass; fortress
  2. to build fortress; to construct fortifications
  3. frontier; border
  4. (specifically) the northern frontier of imperial China, as demarcated by the Great Wall
  5. Alternative form of 賽／赛 (sài, “to sacrifice to God”).
  6. Alternative form of 簺 (“an ancient gambling game”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

塞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

塞 • ‎(sae, saek) (hangeul 새, 색, revised sae, saek, McCune-Reischauer sae, saek, Yale say, sayk)

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Vietnamese

Han character

塞 (tắc, tái)

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