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Definition 2025

境

境

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

境 (radical 32 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土卜廿山 (GYTU), four-corner 40116, composition ⿰土竟)

References

  • KangXi: page 237, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5409
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 482, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5883

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 境

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 境
Large seal script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滰 *ɡaŋʔ
境 *kraŋʔ
竟 *kraŋs
鏡 *kraŋs
獍 *kraŋs
樈 *ɡraŋ
璄 *qraŋʔ
摬 *qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraŋʔ) : semantic 土 ‎(“earth”) + phonetic 竟 ‎(OC *kraŋs).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居影切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kiajŋX/
Li
Rong		 /kiɐŋX/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjængX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]raŋʔ/
English boundary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
No. 6868
Phonetic
component		 竟
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 警
Old
Chinese		 /*kraŋʔ/

Definitions

境

  1. border; boundary; frontier
  2. place; area; region
  3. condition; situation

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

境

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
境
きょう
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 境 ‎(kjængX).

Pronunciation

Noun

境 ‎(hiragana きょう, romaji kyō, historical hiragana きやう)

  1. region, environment
  2. mental state
  3. (Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
境
さかい
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

/sakapi/ → /sakaɸi/ → /sakahi/ → /sakai/

The 連用形 ‎(ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 境う ‎(sakau, “to divide, to form a boundary between things”), derived as Old Japanese element 境 ‎(saka, “division, border, boundary”) + auxiliary verb ふ ‎(fu) indicating repetition or ongoing state.[2][1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

境 ‎(hiragana さかい, romaji sakai, historical hiragana さかひ)

  1. border

Proper noun

境 ‎(hiragana さかい, romaji Sakai, historical hiragana さかひ)

  1. A surname​.

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

境 • ‎(gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

境 (cảnh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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