Definify.com
Definition 2024
始
始
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
始 (radical 38 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女戈口 (VIR), four-corner 43460, composition ⿰女台)
References
- KangXi: page 258, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6166
- Dae Jaweon: page 523, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1041, character 12
- Unihan data for U+59CB
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
始 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 胎 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 台 | *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ |
| 邰 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 鮐 | *l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ |
| 孡 | *l̥ʰɯː |
| 苔 | *l'ɯː |
| 抬 | *l'ɯː |
| 駘 | *l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ |
| 炱 | *l'ɯː |
| 菭 | *l'ɯː, *l'i |
| 跆 | *l'ɯː |
| 殆 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 怠 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 迨 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 紿 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 詒 | *l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ |
| 軩 | *l'ɯːʔ |
| 咍 | *hlɯː |
| 佁 | *lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ |
| 枲 | *slɯʔ |
| 辝 | *ljɯ |
| 鈶 | *ljɯʔ |
| 笞 | *l̥ʰɯ |
| 齝 | *l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ |
| 眙 | *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ |
| 治 | *l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is |
| 始 | *hljɯʔ |
| 怡 | *lɯ |
| 貽 | *lɯ |
| 飴 | *lɯ |
| 瓵 | *lɯ |
| 珆 | *li |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljɯʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 台 (OC *l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
- Wade-Giles: shih3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
- IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ci2
- Yale: chí
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi2
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́ / sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: cii` / sii`
- Hagfa Pinyim: ci3 / si3
- IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/, /sɨ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
- Tâi-lô: sí
- Phofsit Daibuun: sie
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɕi⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕi⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ɕi⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕi⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 始 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /sz̩¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /sz̩⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sz̩⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /sz̩⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /sz̩³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sz̩³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sz̩³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕi³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sz̩²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sz̩³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃï³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰi³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰi³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰi³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /si⁵³/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sy³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /si²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /si⁵³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ti³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 始 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 詩止切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɕɨX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɕieX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕɨX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɕiəX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɕĭəX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕiX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shǐ |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 始 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shǐ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ syiX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥əʔ/ |
| English | begin |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 始 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12291 |
| Phonetic component |
台 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
始 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hljɯʔ/ |
Definitions
始
Compounds
Derived terms from 始