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Definition 2025
嫌
嫌
Translingual
Han character
嫌 (radical 38 女+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 女廿X金 (VTXC), four-corner 48437, composition ⿰女兼)
References
- KangXi: page 269, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6618
- Dae Jaweon: page 536, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1073, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5ACC
Chinese
|
simp. and trad. |
嫌 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 嫌
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 譧 | *r'eːms |
| 賺 | *r'eːms |
| 尲 | *kreːm |
| 鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
| 歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
| 槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
| 鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
| 稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
| 豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
| 甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
| 廉 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
| 鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
| 簾 | *ɡ·rem |
| 薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
| 蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
| 嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
| 溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
| 嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
| 隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
| 熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
| 兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
| 縑 | *keːm |
| 鶼 | *keːm |
| 蒹 | *keːm |
| 搛 | *keːm |
| 謙 | *kʰeːm |
| 膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
| 慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
| 傔 | *kʰeːms |
| 馦 | *qʰeːm |
| 嫌 | *ɡeːm |
| 鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
| 尷 | *kreːm |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: hsien2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jim4
- Yale: yìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim4
- IPA (key): /jiːm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàm
- Hakka Romanization System: hiamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiam2
- IPA: /hi̯am¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâm
- Tâi-lô: hiâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiaam
- IPA (Xiamen): /hiam²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hiam²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiam¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hiam²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiam²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 嫌 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕian³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕian²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕian⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕiã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕian⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ɕiã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕian⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕian⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕiɛn²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕian³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕian²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕien²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕie¹¹/ |
| Pingyao |
/ɕie̞¹³/ ~疑 /xæ¹³/ ~疼咧 |
|
| Hohhot | /ɕie³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou |
/ji³¹/ /ɦa³¹/ |
|
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕie⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕiẽ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕiẽ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɛn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hiam¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /hiɑm¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jim²¹/ |
| Nanning | /jim²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jim²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hiam³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hieŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hiam⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hiam³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 嫌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 添 (157) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 戸兼切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦem/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦem/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɛm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦɛm/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣem/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣiem/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣiem/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xián |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 嫌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xián |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hem › |
| Old Chinese |
/*N-kˤem/ |
| English | doubt, doubtful |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 嫌 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6078 |
| Phonetic component |
兼 |
| Rime group |
談 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
嫌 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡeːm/ |
Definitions
嫌
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Adjectival noun
嫌 (-na inflection, hiragana いや, romaji iya)
- disagreeable, unpleasant
- 嫌な顔をする
- iya na kao o suru
- to make weird faces
- 嫌な女
- iya na onna
- bitch
- 嫌な顔をする
- unpleasant, disgusting, offensive
- 嫌なことを言う
- iya na koto o iu
- to say awful things
- ぞっとするほど嫌な目に合った。
- Zotto suru hodo iya na me ni atta.
- It was shockingly abhorrent.
- 嫌なことを言う
Inflection
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 嫌だろ | いやだろ | iya daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 嫌で | いやで | iya de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 嫌だ | いやだ | iya da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 嫌な | いやな | iya na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 嫌なら | いやなら | iya nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 嫌であれ | いやであれ | iya de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 嫌ではない 嫌じゃない |
いやではない いやじゃない |
iya de wa nai iya ja nai |
| Informal past | 嫌だった | いやだった | iya datta |
| Informal negative past | 嫌ではなかった 嫌じゃなかった |
いやではなかった いやじゃなかった |
iya de wa nakatta iya ja nakatta |
| Formal | 嫌です | いやです | iya desu |
| Formal negative | 嫌ではありません 嫌じゃありません |
いやではありません いやじゃありません |
iya de wa arimasen iya ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 嫌でした | いやでした | iya deshita |
| Formal negative past | 嫌ではありませんでした 嫌じゃありませんでした |
いやではありませんでした いやじゃありませんでした |
iya de wa arimasen deshita iya ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 嫌で | いやで | iya de |
| Conditional | 嫌なら(ば) | いやなら(ば) | iya nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 嫌だったら | いやだったら | iya dattara |
| Volitional | 嫌だろう | いやだろう | iya darō |
| Adverbial | 嫌に | いやに | iya ni |
| Degree | 嫌さ | いやさ | iyasa |
Usage notes
いや (iya) sounds more masculine than やだ (yada), which has the same meaning but is more feminine.
Korean
Hanja
嫌 • (hyeom) (hangeul 혐, revised hyeom, McCune-Reischauer hyŏm)
싫어할 혐, Reading : Hyeom, Meaning : Dislike(싫어하다, Shiruh-Hada) Commonly use with 惡 as 嫌惡(혐오, Hyeo-Mo) as a none, adjective or verb to express great dislike or hatred
Eg) 난 그것을 혐오한다. Nan Gogutsul Hyeomo-handa. I dislike it
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
嫌 (hiềm, hem, hèm)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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