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Definition 2024

悲觀

悲觀

See also: 悲观 and 悲観

Chinese

		sad; sadness; sorrow sad; sadness; sorrow; grief	Taoist monastery; to look at; to watch Taoist monastery; to look at; to watch; to observe; to behold
trad. (悲觀)		悲	觀
simp. (悲观)		悲	观

Adjective

悲觀

pessimistic

Derived terms

悲觀主義／悲观主义 (bēiguānzhǔyì)

Antonyms

樂觀／乐观 (lèguān)

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): bēiguān

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟㄍㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹ gun¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî-kôn
Min Nan (POJ): pi-koan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)
  - Pinyin: bēiguān
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟㄍㄨㄢ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beiguan
  - IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯a̠n⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    
    ^edit
    ^edit
    卑官
    悲觀／悲观
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei¹ gun¹
  - Yale: bēi gūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹ gun¹
  - IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî-kôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi´ gon´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹ gon¹
  - IPA: /pi²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-koan
  - Tâi-lô: pi-kuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pi'koafn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³ kuan³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/