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Definition 2024

悲觀主義

悲觀主義

See also: 悲观主义 and 悲観主義

Chinese

		pessimistic	doctrine; ideology; -ism
trad. (悲觀主義)		悲觀	主義
simp. (悲观主义)		悲观	主义

Noun

悲觀主義

pessimism

Pronunciation

Mandarin

(Pinyin): bēiguānzhǔyì

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟㄍㄨㄢㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: bēiguānzhǔyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟㄍㄨㄢㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beiguanjuuyih
  - IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ku̯a̠n⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei¹ gun¹ zyu² ji⁶
  - Yale: bēi gūn jyú yih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹ gun¹ dzy² ji⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵ kuːn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyː³⁵ jiː²²/