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Definition 2024


Translingual

Han character

(radical 61 +9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹火心 (HFP), four-corner 29338, composition)

  1. anxiety
  2. to worry about, be anxious

References

  • KangXi: page 393, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10885
  • Dae Jaweon: page 729, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2322, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6101

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*sʰew
*sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw
*sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ
*ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ
*ʔsɯw
*ʔsɯw
*ʔsɯw
*ʔsɯw
*sʰɯw
*sʰɯw
*sʰɯw
*sʰɯw
*sʰɯw
*sʰɯw
*sʰɯw
*ʔsrɯws
*sʰrɯw
*zrɯw
*zrɯws

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰou³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰou²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰou²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰəu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰəu³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰəu²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰəu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Pingyao /səu¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
Wenzhou /zau³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡səu¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /seu¹¹/
Taoyuan /seu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐu²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
/t͡sʰiu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰɛu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰe²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰou⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sɔu³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (20)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʒɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖ͡ʐiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʒiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖ͡ʐuw/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʒiu/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʒĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chóu
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chóu
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzrjuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]riw/
English grieved

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10550
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zrɯw/

Definitions

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Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. distress

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(su) (hangeul , revised su, McCune-Reischauer su, Yale swu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(sầu, rầu, ràu, xàu, xầu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.