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Definition 2024
憂
憂
See also: 忧
Translingual
Han character
憂 (radical 61 心+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月心竹水 (MBPHE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿳百冖𢖻)
Derived terms
References
- KangXi: page 401, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11170
- Dae Jaweon: page 741, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2341, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6182
Chinese
| trad. | 憂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 忧 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (憂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 憂 | *qu |
| 優 | *qu |
| 瀀 | *qu |
| 櫌 | *qu |
| 鄾 | *qu |
| 嚘 | *qu |
| 耰 | *qu |
| 獶 | *qu |
| 纋 | *qu |
| 懮 | *quʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qu) : phonetic 𢚧 + semantic 夊.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
- Wade-Giles: yu1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
- IPA (key): /i̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jau1
- Yale: yāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau1
- IPA (key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu
- Tâi-lô: iu
- Phofsit Daibuun: iw
- IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 憂 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iou⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /iou⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /iou²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /iou²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /iou²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iou²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /iou²¹/ | |
| Xining | /iɯ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /iəu⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /iou³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤu⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /iəu⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /iəu⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /iəu⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /iəu⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /iəɯ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /iɯ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /iəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /iəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /iɤ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /iɤ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ʔiø³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /j̠au³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /iu³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /iu¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /iəu³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /iəɯ³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /jɐu⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐu⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iu⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieu⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /iu⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /iu³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /iu²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 憂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 於求切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/ĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yōu |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 憂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yōu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ʔ(r)u/ |
| English | grief, grieved |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 憂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15493 |
| Phonetic component |
憂 |
| Rime group |
幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
憂 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qu/ |
Definitions
憂
References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #11085”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
憂
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
憂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune-Reischauer u, Yale wu)
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Vietnamese
Han character
憂 (ưu, âu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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