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Definition 2025
曆
曆
Translingual
| Traditional | 曆 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 暦 |
| Simplified | 历 |
Han character
曆 (radical 72 日+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一竹木日 (MHDA) or 一木日 (MDA), four-corner 71269, composition ⿸厤日)
Related characters
References
- KangXi: page 500, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14171
- Dae Jaweon: page 870, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1536, character 2
- Unihan data for U+66C6
Chinese
| trad. | 曆 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 历 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (秝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 秝 | *reːɡ |
| 歷 | *reːɡ |
| 曆 | *reːɡ |
| 磿 | *reːɡ |
| 靂 | *reːɡ |
| 癧 | *reːɡ |
| 櫪 | *reːɡ |
| 藶 | *reːɡ |
| 瀝 | *reːɡ |
| 攊 | *reːɡ |
| 厤 | *reːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reːɡ) : phonetic 厤 (OC *reːɡ, “calendar”) + semantic 日 (“sun”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: lih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: lik6
- Yale: lihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: lik9
- IPA (key): /lɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: lag
- Hagfa Pinyim: lag6
- IPA: /lak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h / le̍k
- Tâi-lô: la̍h / li̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: lah, lek
- IPA (Xiamen): /laʔ⁴/, /liɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /laʔ²⁴/, /liɪk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʔ¹²¹/, /liɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /laʔ⁴/, /liɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /laʔ⁴/, /liɪk̚⁴/
- Note: la̍h - vernacular; le̍k - literary.
- (Hokkien)
- Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 曆 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /li⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /li⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /li⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /li²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /li⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /li²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an |
/li²¹/ 曆書 /li⁴⁴/ ～史 |
|
| Xining | /l̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /li¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /li¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /li²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ni³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /li³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /li⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /liəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /liəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /liʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /liəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /liɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /liəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /liəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /lei²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /li²²/ |
| Tunxi | /le¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /li²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ni²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /liʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /lit̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /lɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lek̚²/ |
| Nanning | /lek̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /lik̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /lik̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /liʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /li²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /leʔ⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /lek̚³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 曆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 郎擊切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/lek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/lɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/lek̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/liek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/liek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 曆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ lek › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[r]ˤek/ |
| English | calculate (astronomically) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 曆 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7981 |
| Phonetic component |
秝 |
| Rime group |
錫 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
靂 |
| Old Chinese |
/*reːɡ/ |
Definitions
曆
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